✦ History

Angolan Civil War

November 11, 1975 – April 4, 2002

Result MPLA victory

Civil war after Angolan independence between the MPLA government, backed by Cuba and the Soviet Union, and UNITA, backed by South Africa and the United States. It ended after Jonas Savimbi was killed in 2002.

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Battles and events 5

October 14, 1975 – 1976
Operation Savannah (Angola) MPLA-Cuban victory Angola Agostinho Neto, Álvaro Holden Roberto, António dos Santos França
May 26, 1977
Shaba I Zairian victory Valéry Giscard d'Estaing, Anwar Sadat, Leo Tindemans
June 1978
Shaba II Zairian victory; mutual end of support for other nations' rebel groups Katanga Province Valéry Giscard d'Estaing, Leo Tindemans, Mobutu Sese Seko
January 9 – March 6, 1993
55 Day War UNITA victory Jonas Malheiro Savimbi, Demosthenes Amos Chilingutila
November 20, 1994
Lusaka Protocol Lusaka, Zambia

Key commanders

MPLA government 8

Fidel Castro military commander José Eduardo dos Santos President of Angola, Led the government from 1979 João Lourenço military commander Agostinho Neto President of Angola, Led the MPLA government Lúcio Lara belligerent leader Valentin Varennikov military commander António dos Santos França military commander Iko Carreira military commander

UNITA 7

Mobutu Sese Seko military commander Magnus Malan military commander Álvaro Holden Roberto military commander Jonas Malheiro Savimbi military commander António Dembo military commander Demosthenes Amos Chilingutila military commander Jeremias Chitunda military commander

Zaire 6

Valéry Giscard d'Estaing belligerent leader Anwar Sadat military commander Leo Tindemans belligerent leader Mobutu Sese Seko belligerent leader Hamidou Laanigri military commander Ahmed Dlimi military commander

Democratic Republic of the Congo and allies 4

Valéry Giscard d'Estaing belligerent leader Leo Tindemans belligerent leader Mobutu Sese Seko military commander Ante Gotovina military commander

South Africa 1

Álvaro Holden Roberto military commander