✦ History

Kivu conflict

June 2, 2004

Armed groups, including rebels backed by Rwanda, have fought the Congolese army and each other in the Kivu provinces of eastern Congo since 2004. The fighting has displaced millions of people.

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Battles and events 5

2008
2008 Nord-Kivu campaign José Eduardo dos Santos, Joseph Kabila, Robert Mugabe
January 20 – February 27, 2009
Eastern Congo offensives (2009–2012) Joseph Kabila, Paul Kagame
April 4, 2012 – November 7, 2013
M23 rebellion (2012–2013) North Kivu
March 27, 2022
M23 campaign (2022–present) North Kivu Félix Tshisekedi
March 27, 2022
Democratic Republic of the Congo–Rwanda conflict (2022–present) Central Africa Félix Tshisekedi, Paul Kagame

Key commanders

DR Congo 1

Félix Tshisekedi belligerent leader

Democratic Republic of the Congo 10

José Eduardo dos Santos belligerent leader João Lourenço belligerent leader Duma Boko belligerent leader Mokgweetsi Masisi belligerent leader Seretse Khama Ian Khama belligerent leader Joseph Kabila belligerent leader Félix Tshisekedi belligerent leader Robert Mugabe belligerent leader Ignace Murwanashyaka military commander Babacar Gaye military commander

National Congress for the Defence of the People 1

Laurent Nkunda military commander

Democratic Republic of the Congo and allies 1

Félix Tshisekedi belligerent leader

Rwanda 2

Paul Kagame belligerent leader Joseph Kabila military commander