✦ History

Mesopotamian campaign

November 6, 1914 – November 14, 1918

Result Allied victory

Ended by Armistice of Mudros

British and Indian forces fought the Ottoman Empire in Mesopotamia, now Iraq. After the disaster at Kut, the British took Baghdad in 1917 and held most of the region by the end of the war.

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Battles 16

November 6, 1914
Fao Landing British victory Mesopotamia
November 11–22, 1914
Battle of Basra (1914) British victory Basra T. E. Lawrence, Charles Townshend
December 3–9, 1914
Battle of Qurna British-Indian victory Al-Qurnah
April 12–14, 1915
Battle of Shaiba British-Indian victory Shaibah
September 28, 1915
Battle of Es Sinn British–Indian victory Mesopotamia Charles Townshend, Sakallı Nureddin Paşa
November 22–25, 1915
Battle of Ctesiphon (1915) Inconclusive Battle of Ctesiphon (1915) Charles Townshend, Sakallı Nureddin Paşa, Halil Kut
December 7, 1915 – April 29, 1916
Siege of Kut Ottoman victory Siege of Kut Charles Townshend, Harold Courtenay Armstrong, Sakallı Nureddin Paşa
January 6–8, 1916
Battle of Sheikh Sa'ad British-Indian victory Mesopotamia Halil Kut, Sir Fenton Aylmer, 13th Baronet
January 13, 1916
Battle of Wadi (1916) Ottoman victory Hanna defile Halil Kut, Sir Fenton Aylmer, 13th Baronet
January 21, 1916
Battle of Hanna Ottoman victory Hanna defile Halil Kut, Sir Fenton Aylmer, 13th Baronet
March 8, 1916
Battle of Dujaila Ottoman victory Kut Sir Fenton Aylmer, 13th Baronet
February 23, 1917
Second Battle of Kut British Empire victory Kut Kâzım Karabekir
March 8–11, 1917
Capture of Baghdad (1917) British victory Diyala River Halil Kut
March 13 – April 23, 1917
Samarra offensive British victory Halil Kut
September 28–29, 1917
Battles of Ramadi (1917) Ottoman victory Ramadi İsmet İnönü
October 23–30, 1918
Battle of Sharqat British–Assyrian victory Battle of Sharqat Alexander Cobbe, Malik Yaqo, İsmail Hakkı Okday

Key commanders

Allies 9

Charles Townshend military commander Harold Courtenay Armstrong military commander Alexander Cobbe military commander Malik Yaqo military commander William Marshall military commander Mubarak Al-Sabah belligerent leader Nikolai Baratov military commander T. E. Lawrence military commander Sir Fenton Aylmer, 13th Baronet military commander

Central Powers 6

Sakallı Nureddin Paşa military commander Halil Kut military commander Kâzım Karabekir military commander İsmail Hakkı Okday military commander Cevat Çobanlı military commander İsmet İnönü military commander