✦ History

Algerian War of Independence

November 1, 1954 – March 19, 1962

Ended by Évian Accords

Armed conflict between France and the Algerian National Liberation Front (FLN), 1954-1962, ending with Algeria's independence. Opened by the FLN's Toussaint Rouge attacks on 1 November 1954, it was fought mainly as guerrilla warfare in Algeria, with repercussions in metropolitan France; it brought down France's Fourth Republic and ushered in the Fifth Republic.

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Battles and events 7

November 1, 1954
Toussaint Rouge Toussaint Rouge Mohamed Boudiaf, Rabah Bitat, Krim Belkacem
August 20–25, 1955
Philippeville massacre Philippeville massacre Youcef Zighoud, Salah Boubnider, Paul Aussaresses
January 7 – October 8, 1957
Battle of Algiers (1956–1957) French victory Battle of Algiers (1956–1957) Benyoucef Benkhedda, Abane Ramdane, Krim Belkacem
August 12, 1957
Battle of Bouzegza Algerian victory on 4 August French victory on 12 August Jacques Massu
February 8, 1958
Bombing of Sakiet Sidi Youssef Sakiet Sidi Youssef
February 1, 1959 – April 1, 1961
Challe Plan Challe Plan Houari Boumédiène, Colonel Amirouche
September 17–18, 1961
Battle of Djebel Bouk'hil (1961) FLN victory

Key commanders

France 8

Charles de Gaulle belligerent leader Pierre Mendès France belligerent leader Guy Mollet belligerent leader Jacques Massu military commander Paul Aussaresses military commander Raoul Salan military commander Marcel Maurice Bigeard military commander Yves Godard military commander

FLN 14

Houari Boumédiène belligerent leader Mohamed Boudiaf belligerent leader Rabah Bitat belligerent leader Ahmed Ben Bella belligerent leader Ferhat Abbas belligerent leader Krim Belkacem belligerent leader Larbi Ben M'hidi belligerent leader Didouche Mourad military commander Mostefa Ben Boulaïd FLN founder; led the Aurès attacks Youcef Zighoud military commander Salah Boubnider military commander Benyoucef Benkhedda military commander Abane Ramdane military commander Colonel Amirouche military commander