✦ History

Part of American Civil War

Battle of Seven Pines

May 31 – June 1, 1862 · Seven Pines, Virginia

Result Inconclusive

Battle of Seven Pines on 31 May 1862: Gen. Johnston's injury led to the appointment of Robert E. Lee as Confederate commander. The more aggressive Lee initiated the Seven Days Battles, leading to a Union retreat in late June; Seven Pines therefore marked the closest Union forces came to Richmond in this offensive.

On the map Contemporaries

Union

Confederacy

United States
Confederate States of America
George B. McClellan Edwin V. Sumner military commander Samuel P. Heintzelman military commander Erasmus D. Keyes military commander
Joseph E. Johnston James Longstreet military commander Gustavus Woodson Smith Major General, Succeeded Johnston after he was wounded on May 31 Daniel Harvey Hill Major General, Commander of the Confederate left wing; led the main attack

Strength and losses

Strength
34,000c. 34,000, 41,797, 51,000
Casualties
5,739
Killed
790800, 790
Wounded
3,5943,594, 3,600, 3,594
Missing
647600, 647
Strength
c. 39,00041,816, 39,000
Casualties
7,997
Killed
9801,100, 980
Wounded
4,7495,400, 4,749
Missing
405500, 405
Guns lost
10

Units

Army of the Potomac Strength c. 34,000 George B. McClellan Major general · 1861–1862 II Corps (Union Army) Crossed the Chickahominy to reinforce the south-bank corps on May 31 Edwin V. Sumner Major general · 1862 Irish Brigade (Union Army) Thomas Francis Meagher Brigadier general · 1862–1863 1st Minnesota Infantry Regiment III Corps (Union Army) Samuel P. Heintzelman Major general · 1862 IV Corps (Union Army) Bore the first Confederate attack south of the Chickahominy Erasmus D. Keyes Major general · 1862–1863 V Corps (Union Army) North of the Chickahominy; barely engaged Fitz John Porter Major general · 1862 VI Corps (Union Army) North of the Chickahominy; not engaged William Buel Franklin Major general · 1862
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Union Army Balloon Corps Observation balloons over the battlefield 11th Maine Infantry Regiment
Army of Northern Virginia Strength c. 39,000 Joseph E. Johnston General · 1862 Gustavus Woodson Smith Major general · 1862 Robert E. Lee General · 1862–1865 Left Wing, Army of Northern Virginia Smith's wing made the main attack; Smith took command of the army when Johnston was wounded May 31 Gustavus Woodson Smith Major general · ?–1862 Stonewall Jackson Lieutenant general · ?–1862 Reserve, Army of Northern Virginia Magruder's reserve held the Richmond defenses John B. Magruder Major general · ?–1862 Right Wing, Army of Northern Virginia Longstreet's wing attacked on the Confederate right James Longstreet Lieutenant general · ?–1862

Related events 1 degree away • 2 degrees away

 
Capture of New Orleans
 
Battle of Seven Pines
 
Battle of Memphis
 
Seven Days Battles

Also involved 1