✦ History

Deluge (history)

1655 – 1660

Swedish and Russian invasions and related campaigns devastated the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, with an estimated three to four million dead.

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Battles and events 1

1648 – 1657
Khmelnytsky Uprising Cossack victory John II Casimir Vasa, Bohdan Khmelnytsky, Tymofiy Khmelnytsky

Key commanders

Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth 7

Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor military commander John II Casimir Vasa military commander Stefan Czarniecki military commander Alexis of Russia military commander Wincenty Korwin Gosiewski military commander Mehmed IV Giray military commander Władysław IV Vasa military commander

Sweden 5

Charles X Gustav military commander Arvid Wittenberg military commander Bohdan Khmelnytsky military commander Adolph John I, Count Palatine of Kleeburg military commander Frederick William, the Great Elector military commander

Zaporozhian Cossacks 2

Bohdan Khmelnytsky military commander Tymofiy Khmelnytsky military commander