✦ History

Spanish Civil War

July 17, 1936 – April 1, 1939

Result Nationalist victory

Civil war in Spain, 1936-1939, between the left-leaning Republican government backed by the Soviet Union and Nationalist rebels backed by Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy. The war began with the partial failure of the July 1936 military coup; the Nationalists won in early 1939, and General Francisco Franco, who declared victory on 1 April, ruled Spain until his death in 1975.

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Battles and events 59

1936
Spanish Revolution of 1936
July 17–20, 1936
Spanish coup of July 1936 Francisco Franco
July 19 – August 16, 1936
Siege of Gijón Republican victory Gijón
July 19 – October 16, 1936
Siege of Oviedo Nationalist victory Oviedo Antonio Aranda
July 21 – September 27, 1936
Siege of the Alcázar Nationalist victory Siege of the Alcázar José Enrique Varela, José Moscardó Ituarte, Luis Barceló
July 24, 1936
Battle of Guadarrama Nationalist offensive stopped Sierra de Guadarrama Francisco García-Escámez, Emilio Mola, Francisco Galán
July 25 – September 13, 1936
Campaign of Gipuzkoa Nationalist victory San Sebastián Emilio Mola, José Solchaga, Antonio Ortega
August 2–14, 1936
Extremadura campaign Nationalist victory Juan Yagüe Blanco, Carlos Asensio Cabanillas, Ildefonso Puigdengolas
August 5, 1936
Convoy de la Victoria Nationalist victory Mediterranean Sea
August 7, 1936
Battle of Sigüenza Sigüenza
August 10, 1936
Battle of Mérida Nationalist victory Mérida Carlos Asensio Cabanillas
August 12–14, 1936
Battle of Badajoz (1936) Nationalist victory Battle of Badajoz (1936) Juan Yagüe Blanco, Carlos Asensio Cabanillas, Ildefonso Puigdengolas
August 16, 1936
Battle of Mallorca Nationalist victory Mallorca
August 19 – September 5, 1936
Battle of Irún Nationalist victory Bidasoaldea Emilio Mola, Antonio Ortega, Rafael García Valiño
August 19–22, 1936
Córdoba offensive Nationalist victory José Miaja, José Enrique Varela
August 28, 1936
Battle of Monte Pelado Italian anti-fascist victory Huesca
September 3, 1936
Battle of Talavera de la Reina (1936) Nationalist victory Talavera de la Reina Juan Yagüe Blanco, Carlos Asensio Cabanillas, Antonio Castejón Espinosa
September 14, 1936 – May 1, 1937
Siege of Santuario de Nuestra Señora de la Cabeza Republican victory Basilica and Royal Shrine of Our Lady of Cabeza
September 29, 1936
Battle of Cape Spartel (1936) Nationalist victory Cape Spartel
October 29, 1936
Battle of Seseña Nationalist victory Seseña Ildefonso Puigdengolas
November 7 – December 4, 1936
Paracuellos massacres Paracuellos de Jarama
November 8, 1936 – March 28, 1939
Siege of Madrid Nationalist victory Siege of Madrid Francisco Franco, Manuel Azaña, Hugo Sperrle
November 30 – December 18, 1936
Villarreal Offensive Nationalist victory Legutio Emilio Mola, Francisco Ciutat de Miguel
December 13–31, 1936
Aceituna Campaign Nationalist victory Gonzalo Queipo de Llano
December 27–29, 1936
Battle of Lopera Nationalist victory Jaén Province Karol Świerczewski
February 3–8, 1937
Battle of Málaga (1937) Nationalist victory Battle of Málaga (1937) Mario Roatta, Gonzalo Queipo de Llano, Francisco de Borbón y de la Torre
February 6–27, 1937
Battle of Jarama Indecisive Battle of Jarama José Miaja, Vicente Rojo Lluch, José Enrique Varela
March 5, 1937
Battle of Cape Machichaco Nationalist victory Cape of Matxitxako
March 6 – April 16, 1937
Battle of Pozoblanco Republican victory Pozoblanco Gonzalo Queipo de Llano
March 8–23, 1937
Battle of Guadalajara Republican victory Battle of Guadalajara José Miaja, Vicente Rojo Lluch, José Moscardó Ituarte
March 31 – October 21, 1937
War in the North Nationalist victory War in the North Fidel Dávila Arrondo, Emilio Mola, José Solchaga
April 26, 1937
Bombing of Guernica Guernica, Spain Pablo Picasso, Wolfram von Richthofen
May 3–8, 1937
May Days Government victory Barcelona
May 31, 1937
Bombardment of Almería German victory Almería
June 6, 1937
Segovia Offensive Nationalist victory José Enrique Varela, Karol Świerczewski
June 13–19, 1937
Battle of Bilbao Nationalist victory Bilbao Wolfram von Richthofen, Fidel Dávila Arrondo, José Solchaga
June 19, 1937
Huesca Offensive Nationalist victory Sebastián Pozas Perea
July 5 – August 11, 1937
Battle of Albarracín Nationalist victory Albarracín
July 6–25, 1937
Battle of Brunete Indecisive Battle of Brunete José Miaja, Vicente Rojo Lluch, José Enrique Varela
August 14 – September 1, 1937
Battle of Santander Nationalist victory Cantabria Hugo Sperrle, Fidel Dávila Arrondo, José Solchaga
August 24 – September 7, 1937
Battle of Belchite (1937) Republican victory Battle of Belchite (1937) Vicente Rojo Lluch, Karol Świerczewski, Sebastián Pozas Perea
August 24 – September 7, 1937
Zaragoza Offensive Nationalist victory Sebastián Pozas Perea
September 1 – October 21, 1937
Asturias Offensive Nationalist victory Asturias Antonio Aranda, Fidel Dávila Arrondo, Agustín Muñoz Grandes
September 6, 1937
Battle of El Mazucu Nationalist victory Llanes José Solchaga, Francisco Galán
September 7, 1937
Battle of Cape Cherchell Nationalist victory Cherchell
December 15, 1937 – February 22, 1938
Battle of Teruel Nationalist victory Battle of Teruel Francisco Franco, Vicente Rojo Lluch, Antonio Aranda
February 5–7, 1938
Battle of Alfambra Nationalist victory Teruel Province Antonio Aranda, Juan Yagüe Blanco, Juan Vigón
March 5–6, 1938
Battle of Cape Palos (1938) Republican victory Battle of Cape Palos (1938) Luis González de Ubieta
March 7 – April 19, 1938
Aragon Offensive Nationalist victory Aragon Offensive Vicente Rojo Lluch, Antonio Aranda, Fidel Dávila Arrondo
March 16–17, 1938
Battle of Caspe Nationalist victory Caspe Agustín Muñoz Grandes
April 1–3, 1938
Battle of Gandesa Nationalist victory Gandesa
April 4, 1938 – January 3, 1939
Battle of the Segre Nationalist victory Segre José Moscardó Ituarte, Fidel Dávila Arrondo, Agustín Muñoz Grandes
April 6 – June 16, 1938
Battle of Bielsa pocket Nationalist victory Huesca Province José Solchaga
April 23 – July 24, 1938
Levante Offensive Republican victory Vicente Rojo Lluch, Antonio Aranda, José Enrique Varela
May 1938
Balaguer Offensive Francoist victory bridgehead
July 1938
Battle of the Merida pocket Nationalist victory Gonzalo Queipo de Llano
July 25 – November 16, 1938
Battle of the Ebro Nationalist victory Ebro river, Spain Francisco Franco, Vicente Rojo Lluch, Fidel Dávila Arrondo
December 23, 1938 – February 10, 1939
Catalonia Offensive Nationalist victory Catalonia Offensive Francisco Franco, Vicente Rojo Lluch, José Moscardó Ituarte
March 26–31, 1939
Final offensive of the Spanish Civil War Nationalist victory, end of the war Madrid Francisco Franco, José Miaja, Juan Yagüe Blanco

Key commanders

Nationalists 24

Francisco Franco José Enrique Varela military commander Fidel Dávila Arrondo military commander Juan Yagüe Blanco military commander Gonzalo Queipo de Llano military commander Emilio Mola military commander José Sanjurjo military commander Rafael García Valiño military commander Carlos Asensio Cabanillas military commander Antonio Castejón Espinosa military commander José Moscardó Ituarte military commander Hugo Sperrle military commander Mario Roatta military commander Francisco de Borbón y de la Torre military commander Agustín Muñoz Grandes military commander Francisco García-Escámez military commander Annibale Bergonzoli military commander José Solchaga military commander Ettore Bastico military commander Antonio Aranda military commander Juan Vigón military commander Gastone Gambara military commander Alfonso Beorlegui Canet military commander Wolfram von Richthofen military commander

Republicans 17

Manuel Azaña Francisco Largo Caballero belligerent leader Juan Negrín belligerent leader José Miaja military commander Vicente Rojo Lluch military commander Ildefonso Puigdengolas military commander Luis Barceló military commander Antonio Ortega military commander Francisco Galán military commander Carlos Romero Giménez military commander Adolfo Prada military commander Sebastián Pozas Perea military commander Francisco Ciutat de Miguel military commander Karol Świerczewski military commander Antonio Cordón García military commander Luis González de Ubieta military commander Leopoldo Menéndez military commander

Nationalist Spain 8

Emilio Mola military commander Rafael García Valiño military commander Alfonso Beorlegui Canet military commander Juan Yagüe Blanco military commander Carlos Asensio Cabanillas military commander Antonio Castejón Espinosa military commander José Solchaga military commander Gonzalo Queipo de Llano military commander

Second Spanish Republic 1

Francisco Ciutat de Miguel military commander

Germany 3

Juan Yagüe Blanco military commander Carlos Asensio Cabanillas military commander Antonio Castejón Espinosa military commander

Other 1

Pablo Picasso artist, Painted Guernica in protest at the bombing