Herbert Hoover

August 10, 1874 – October 20, 1964

Herbert Hoover was the 31st president of the United States, serving from 1929 to 1933. His presidency was dominated by the Great Depression, and he lost reelection to Franklin D. Roosevelt in 1932. Before entering politics he was a wealthy mining engineer who organized wartime relief, heading the Commission for Relief in Belgium in 1914 and the U.S. Food Administration during World War I.

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Biography

Herbert Hoover trained as a mining engineer at Stanford and made a fortune working in Australia, China and elsewhere. During the First World War he organised food relief for occupied Belgium, and he later ran the American Relief Administration in Europe.

He was Secretary of Commerce from 1921 to 1928 under Harding and Coolidge and won the presidency in 1928 as a Republican. The stock market crash of 1929 came months after he took office, and the Great Depression deepened throughout his term. He signed the Smoot-Hawley Tariff and created the Reconstruction Finance Corporation, but many saw his response as too limited.

He lost heavily to Franklin D. Roosevelt in 1932. After the Second World War he again led famine relief and chaired commissions on reorganising the federal government. He died in 1964.