Cultural Revolution

Sociopolitical movement in the People's Republic of China launched by CCP chairman Mao Zedong in 1966 and lasting until his death in 1976, with the stated goal of purging capitalist and traditional elements from society. Red Guards attacked the 'Four Olds' of old ideas, culture, customs and habits, tens of millions were persecuted, schools and universities were closed, and over 10 million urban youth were sent to the countryside. Death toll estimates range from 1 to 2 million; in 1981 the Communist Party declared it the most severe setback suffered by the party since 1949.