✦ History

First Balkan War

October 8, 1912 – May 30, 1913

Result Balkan League victory

Ended by Treaty of London (1913), Treaty of Athens

War between the Balkan League (Serbia, Bulgaria, Greece, Montenegro) and the Ottoman Empire. Ended with the Treaty of London; heightened tensions that fed into the July Crisis of 1914.

View war on globe Full event page

Battles and events 26

October 21, 1912
Battle of Kardzhali Bulgarian victory Kardzhali
October 22–23, 1912
Battle of Sarantaporo Greek victory Battle of Sarantaporo Constantine I of Greece, Hasan Tahsin Pasha
October 22–24, 1912
Battle of Kirk Kilisse Bulgarian victory Battle of Kirk Kilisse Radko Dimitriev, Vasil Kutinchev, Abdullah Kölemen
October 23–24, 1912
Battle of Kumanovo Serbian victory Battle of Kumanovo Alexander I of Yugoslavia, Radomir Putnik, Stepa Stepanović
October 23 – November 3, 1912
Battle of Pente Pigadia Greek victory Ioannina vilayet Konstantinos Sapountzakis, Mehmet Esat Bülkat
October 28 – November 2, 1912
Battle of Lule Burgas Bulgarian victory Battle of Lule Burgas Radko Dimitriev, Vasil Kutinchev, Abdullah Kölemen
October 28, 1912 – April 23, 1913
Siege of Scutari (1912–1913) Montenegrin–Serbian victory Siege of Scutari (1912–1913) Zog I of Albania, Essad Toptani, Mitar Martinović
November 2, 1912
Battle of Yenidje Greek victory Giannitsa Constantine I of Greece, Hasan Tahsin Pasha
November 2–6, 1912
Battle of Sorovich Ottoman victory Hasan Riza Pasha, Dimitrios Matthaiopoulos
November 3, 1912 – March 26, 1913
Siege of Adrianople (1912–1913) Bulgarian-Serbian victory Siege of Adrianople (1912–1913) Stepa Stepanović, Nikola Ivanov, Georgi Vazov
November 3–5, 1912
Battle of Prilep Serbian victory Battle of Prilep Zeki Kolaç, Petar Bojović
November 16–19, 1912
Battle of Monastir Serbian victory Battle of Monastir Ali Fethi Okyar, Cevat Çobanlı, Radomir Putnik
November 17–18, 1912
First Battle of Çatalca Ottoman victory First Battle of Çatalca Radko Dimitriev, Nazim Pasha
November 18, 1912
Himara revolt of 1912 Himarë
November 21, 1912
Battle of Kaliakra (1912) Bulgarian victory Kaliakra Rauf Orbay
November 26–28, 1912
Battle of Driskos Ottoman victory Dimitrios Matthaiopoulos, Mehmet Esat Bülkat
November 27, 1912
Battle of Merhamli Bulgarian victory Andranik Ozanian
December 6, 1912
Battle of Lumë Serbian military victory
December 16, 1912
Battle of Elli Greek victory Battle of Elli Pavlos Kountouriotis
December 20, 1912
Capture of Korytsa Greek victory Korçë
January 18, 1913
Battle of Lemnos (1913) Greek victory Lemnos Pavlos Kountouriotis
January 26, 1913
Battle of Bulair Bulgarian victory Bolayır Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, Ali Fethi Okyar, Enver Pasha
February 9–11, 1913
Battle of Şarköy Bulgarian victory Şarköy Enver Pasha
March 4–6, 1913
Battle of Bizani Greek victory Battle of Bizani Constantine I of Greece, Konstantinos Sapountzakis, Dimitrios Matthaiopoulos
April 3, 1913
Second Battle of Çatalca Small territorial gains for the Bulgarians Çatalca Radko Dimitriev
April 10 – May 14, 1913
Blockade of Montenegro Janko Vukotić, Nicholas I of Montenegro, Danilo, Crown Prince of Montenegro

Key commanders

Ottoman Empire 20

Mehmed V belligerent leader Enver Pasha military commander Rauf Orbay military commander Zeki Kolaç military commander Hasan Riza Pasha military commander Abdullah Kölemen military commander Mehmed Şükrü Paşa military commander Nazim Pasha military commander Hasan Tahsin Pasha military commander Mehmet Esat Bülkat military commander İsmail Hakkı Okday military commander Mahmud Shevket Pasha military commander Mahmud Muhtar Paşa military commander Zog I of Albania military commander Essad Toptani military commander Ali Fethi Okyar military commander Cevat Çobanlı military commander Mehmed Said Pasha military commander Mehmet Vehip Kaçı military commander Mustafa Kemal Atatürk military commander

Balkan League 24

Eleftherios Venizelos belligerent leader Pavlos Kountouriotis military commander Janko Vukotić military commander Peter I of Serbia military commander Alexander I of Yugoslavia military commander Radko Dimitriev military commander Ferdinand I of Bulgaria military commander Mihail Savov military commander Vasil Kutinchev military commander Radomir Putnik military commander Stepa Stepanović military commander Nicholas I of Montenegro military commander Danilo, Crown Prince of Montenegro military commander Radomir Vešović military commander Nikola Ivanov military commander Georgi Vazov military commander Petar Bojović military commander Constantine I of Greece military commander Konstantinos Sapountzakis military commander Dimitrios Matthaiopoulos military commander Vladimir Vazov military commander Mitar Martinović military commander Andranik Ozanian military commander Georgi Todorov military commander

Greece 1

Dimitrios Matthaiopoulos military commander

Austria-Hungary 2

Cecil Burney military commander Maximilian Njegovan military commander