✦ History

Iran–Israel proxy conflict

February 16, 1985

Iran has backed Hezbollah and Hamas against Israel, while Israel has struck Iranian allies and personnel and killed Iranian scientists. Direct clashes began in 2024 and led to the 2025 twelve-day war and the 2026 Iran war.

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Battles and events 5

April 13, 1975 – October 13, 1990
Lebanese Civil War Beirut, Lebanon Hafez al-Assad, Yasser Arafat, Menachem Begin
2013
Iran–Israel conflict during the Syrian civil war Levant
May 10, 2018
Operation House of Cards Golan Heights
September 17, 2018
Syria missile strikes (September 2018)
October 18, 2023 – February 4, 2024
Attacks on US bases during the Middle Eastern crisis (2023–present) Charles Q. Brown Jr., Dan Caine, Lloyd Austin

Key commanders

Syria and allies 3

Hafez al-Assad belligerent leader Mustafa Tlass belligerent leader Hikmat al-Shihabi military commander

Al-Mourabitoun and allies 5

Yasser Arafat Kamal Jumblatt belligerent leader Walid Jumblatt belligerent leader Assem Qanso military commander Monte Melkonian military commander

Kataeb Party and allies 7

Menachem Begin belligerent leader Ariel Sharon belligerent leader Amine Gemayel belligerent leader Bachir Gemayel belligerent leader William Hawi belligerent leader Avigdor Ben-Gal military commander Antoine Lahad military commander

United States and allies 7

Michel Aoun belligerent leader Emmanuel Erskine belligerent leader William O'Callaghan military commander Charles Q. Brown Jr. military commander Dan Caine military commander Lloyd Austin military commander Mazlum Abdi military commander

Iran and allies 6

Ali Khamenei belligerent leader Mahmoud Ahmadinejad military commander Hassan Rouhani military commander Ebrahim Raisi military commander Masoud Pezeshkian military commander Mohammad Mokhber military commander

Israel 5

Ehud Barak military commander Benjamin Netanyahu military commander Ariel Sharon military commander Ehud Olmert military commander Yair Lapid belligerent leader