✦ History

Part of Arab–Israeli conflict, Iran–Israel proxy conflict

Lebanese Civil War

April 13, 1975 – October 13, 1990 · Beirut, Lebanon

Civil war in Lebanon, 1975-1990, killing an estimated 120,000 people and displacing nearly one million. It grew from sectarian tensions in the confessional system, armed Palestinian groups, and regional rivalries, opening with clashes between Christian militias and the PLO allied with Muslim and leftist groups. Syria, Israel, and other powers intervened as it fragmented into a multi-sided war.

On the map Overview Contemporaries

Kataeb Party and allies

Al-Mourabitoun and allies

Syria and allies

United States and allies

Other

Kataeb Party
National Liberal Party (Lebanon)
Zgharta Liberation Army
Guardians of the Cedars
Al-Tanzim
Shuraya Party
Army of Free Lebanon
Israel
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Lebanese Forces
Al-Mourabitoun
Progressive Socialist Party
Lebanese Communist Party
Syrian Social Nationalist Party in Lebanon
Communist Action Organization in Lebanon
Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party – Lebanon Region
Sixth of February Movement
Socialist Arab Lebanon Vanguard Party
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Popular Nasserist Organization
Toilers League
Lebanese National Movement
Palestine Liberation Organization
Hezbollah
Iran
Islamic Unification Movement
Syria
Amal Movement
Palestinian National Salvation Front
United States
United Kingdom
France
Italy
Saudi Arabia
United Arab Emirates
South Yemen
Libya
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Lebanon
Menachem Begin belligerent leader Ariel Sharon belligerent leader Amine Gemayel belligerent leader Bachir Gemayel belligerent leader William Hawi belligerent leader Avigdor Ben-Gal military commander Antoine Lahad military commander
Yasser Arafat Kamal Jumblatt belligerent leader Walid Jumblatt belligerent leader Assem Qanso military commander Monte Melkonian military commander
Hafez al-Assad belligerent leader Mustafa Tlass belligerent leader Hikmat al-Shihabi military commander
Michel Aoun belligerent leader Emmanuel Erskine belligerent leader William O'Callaghan military commander

Strength and losses

Syria Strength 25,000

Saudi Arabia Strength 1,200

Libya Strength 700

South Yemen Strength 700

Units

Quds Force
Syrian Army Ali Abdullah Ayyoub Lieutenant General Amin al-Hafiz General of the Army Assef Shawkat General Bashar al-Assad Marshal Dawoud Rajiha General Hikmat al-Shihabi General Issam Zahr ad-Din Major General Mustafa Tlass General Salah Jadid Major General Salim Idris Brigadier General · ?–2012 Suheil al-Hassan Major General 1st Corps (Syria) 2nd Corps (Syria) 10th Mechanized Division 14th Special Forces Division
French Army Abel Douay Divisional General Adolphe Guillaumat General of the Army Adrien Maurice de Noailles, 3rd Duke of Noailles Marshal of France Aimable Pélissier Marshal of France Anne of Romania Lieutenant Antoine Chanzy General Auguste-Alexandre Ducrot Divisional General Bernard Janvier Army General Burkhard Christoph von Münnich General Field Marshal Chadli Bendjedid Colonel Charles Auguste Frossard General Charles Denis Bourbaki Divisional General Charles François Dumouriez General Officer Appointed In Emigration Charles II d'Amboise Admiral Charles Leclerc Major General Charles Mast Divisional General Charles-Théodore Millot General Christian de Castries Brigadier General Dagobert Sigmund von Wurmser Field Marshal Daniel Liénard de Beaujeu Donatien de Rochambeau General Ferdinand Foch Marshal of Poland Fernand de Langle de Cary General François Achille Bazaine General François Certain de Canrobert Marshal of France François Christophe de Kellermann General François Gaston de Lévis Marshal of France François-Marie Le Marchand de Lignery Colonel Frederick Townsend Ward Brigadier General Gabriel Ramanantsoa Divisional General Georges Blanchard Army General Georges Catroux Army General Henri Dentz General Henri Giraud General Henri Gouraud General Henri Navarre Jacques Leroy de Saint Arnaud Marshal of France Jacques Massu General James FitzJames, 1st Duke of Berwick Jean Baptiste Kléber General Jean Boudet Divisional General Jean Erdman, Baron Dieskau Major General Jean François Carteaux Divisional General Jean-Jacques Uhrich General Jean-Joseph Farre Divisional General Jean-Marie Degoutte General Jean-Étienne Valluy General Joseph Gallieni General Joseph Joffre General Joseph Souham Divisional General Joseph Vinoy Divisional General Jules Gaucher Lieutenant Colonel Kléber Dadjo Lansana Conté General Louis Brière de l'Isle General Louis Charles Armand Fouquet, Chevalier de Belle-Isle Lieutenant General Louis Charles César Le Tellier, Duke of Estrées Marshal of France Louis Faidherbe Divisional General Louis Franchet d'Espèrey Marshal of France Louis Joseph, Duke of Vendôme General Louis d'Aurelle de Paladines General Louis-François de Boufflers Marshal of France Louis-Gabriel Suchet Marshal of the Empire Louis-Joseph de Montcalm Lieutenant General Louis-Nicolas Davout General Marcel Carpentier Army General Marcel Maurice Bigeard Marie-Pierre Kœnig Marshal of France Marquis de Lafayette Maurice Gamelin Generalissimo Maurice Sarrail General Maxime Weygand General Michel Roquejeoffre Army General Michel-Joseph Maunoury Marshal Nguyễn Văn Thiệu Lieutenant General Noël Jourda de Vaux Marshal of France Oscar de Négrier Divisional General Paul Aussaresses Brigadier General Paul Maistre Divisional General Paul Ély Army General Philippe Leclerc de Hauteclocque Marshal of France Pierre Bosquet Divisional General Pierre Louis Charles de Failly Divisional General Pierre Philippe Denfert-Rochereau Colonel Prince Francis Xavier of Saxony General Raoul Salan Army General René Prioux General Robert Nivelle General Saye Zerbo Toussaint Louverture Ulrich Friedrich Woldemar von Löwendal General Yves Godard Colonel Élie Frédéric Forey Marshal of France Émile Fayolle General Étienne Jacques Joseph Alexandre Macdonald Marshal of France 1st Marine Infantry Parachute Regiment French Foreign Legion 2nd Foreign Parachute Regiment French Navy Alexandre Ferdinand Parseval-Deschenes Vice Admiral Amédée Courbet Admiral Armand Joseph Bruat Admiral Bertrand-François Mahé de La Bourdonnais Charles Eugène Gabriel de La Croix Marshal of France Charles Rigault de Genouilly Admiral Charles-Alexandre Léon Durand Linois Vice Admiral François Darlan Admiral François-Paul Brueys d'Aigalliers Admiral Georges Thierry d'Argenlieu Admiral Honoré Joseph Antoine Ganteaume Vice Admiral Jean Decoux Vice Admiral Jean-Baptiste Perrée Contre-amiral Jean-Marie Charles Abrial Vice Admiral Jean-Pierre Esteva Admiral Louis Adolphe Bonard Vice Admiral Marcel-Bruno Gensoul Admiral Sébastien Lespès Vice Admiral Édouard Guillaud Admiral United States Air Force Alexus Grynkewich General Buzz Aldrin Colonel Charles P. Cabell Charles Q. Brown Jr. General Chuck Horner General Claire Lee Chennault General Dan Caine Lieutenant General David C. Jones General Ellison Onizuka Lieutenant Colonel George Kenney General George Scratchley Brown General Hoyt Vandenberg Jeffrey L. Harrigian General Jimmy Doolittle General Joseph Ralston General Lauris Norstad General Michael E. Ryan General Nathan F. Twining General Paul Tibbets Philip M. Breedlove General Ralph Jodice II Three-star Rank Richard Myers General Rick Perry Captain Robert Gates First Lieutenant Sonny Perdue Captain Tod D. Wolters General · 1982–present
Kuwait Land Forces Syrian Air Defence Force 3rd Armoured Division (Syria) 9th Armoured Division (Syria) Defense Companies (Syria) Syrian Air Force

Battles and events 14

Before and after

Ended by
Taif Agreement 1989

Related events 1 degree away • 2 degrees away

1976
1978
1980
1982
1984
1986
1988
1990
 
Lebanese Civil War
 
Taif Agreement

Also involved 10