Lebanese Civil War
April 13, 1975 – October 13, 1990
Civil war in Lebanon, 1975-1990, killing an estimated 120,000 people and displacing nearly one million. It grew from sectarian tensions in the confessional system, armed Palestinian groups, and regional rivalries, opening with clashes between Christian militias and the PLO allied with Muslim and leftist groups. Syria, Israel, and other powers intervened as it fragmented into a multi-sided war.
Battles and events 14
October 24, 1975 – March 1976
January 20, 1976
Damour massacre
Damour
August 12, 1976
July 1 – October 8, 1978
December 22, 1980 – June 30, 1981
June 6, 1982 – May 17, 1985
September 16–18, 1982
Sabra and Shatila massacre
Shatila refugee camp
April 18, 1983
1983 United States embassy bombing in Beirut
US embassy, Beirut
September 3, 1983 – February 1984
October 23, 1983
November 3 – December 20, 1983
Battle of Tripoli (1983)
Pro-Syrian Palestinian victory
Tripoli, Lebanon
Hafez al-Assad, Yasser Arafat, Said al-Muragha
May 19, 1985 – July 1988
War of the Camps
Amal Movement and Pro-Syrian allies victory
Yasser Arafat, Said al-Muragha, Ahmed Jibril
April 1988 – November 1990
War of Brothers
Inconclusive
March 1989 – October 13, 1990
Key commanders
Syria and allies 7
Al-Mourabitoun and allies 7
Kataeb Party and allies 10
Menachem Begin
belligerent leader
Ariel Sharon
belligerent leader
Amine Gemayel
belligerent leader
Bachir Gemayel
belligerent leader
William Hawi
belligerent leader
Avigdor Ben-Gal
military commander
Antoine Lahad
military commander
Raphael Eitan
military commander
David Ivry
military commander
Camille Chamoun
military commander
