Italian unification
March 18, 1848 – January 26, 1871 · Italian peninsula
Political and military movement, the Risorgimento, that joined the states of the Italian peninsula into the Kingdom of Italy, proclaimed in 1861, with Rome as capital from 1871.
Key people
Camillo Benso, Count of Cavour
Prime Minister of Sardinia, Directed unification through diplomacy and war
Victor Emmanuel II
King of Sardinia, then of Italy, Became the first King of Italy in 1861
Giuseppe Garibaldi
General, Conquered Sicily and Naples with the Thousand
Giuseppe Mazzini
Revolutionary, Inspired the nationalist movement
Participants
Battles and events 13
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First Italian War of Independence 1848 – 1849 · Austrian victory
- Five Days of Milan March 18–22, 1848
- Skirmish of Pastrengo (1848) April 30, 1848 · Sardinian victory
- Battle of Santa Lucia May 6, 1848 · Austrian victory
- Battle of Goito May 30, 1848 · Sardinian victory
- Battles of Vicenza (1848) June 10, 1848
- Battle of Custoza (1848) July 25, 1848 · Austrian victory
- Battle of Mortara March 21–22, 1849 · Austrian victory
- Battle of Novara (1849) March 23, 1849 · Austrian victory
- Ten Days of Brescia March 23 – April 1, 1849
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Second Italian War of Independence April 27 – July 11, 1859 · Franco-Sardinian victory
- Battle of Montebello (1859) May 20, 1859 · Franco-Italian victory
- Battle of Varese May 26, 1859
- Battle of San Fermo May 27, 1859 · Sardinian victory
- Battle of Palestro May 31, 1859 · Franco-Sardinian victory
- Battle of Turbigo June 3, 1859 · French victory
- Battle of Magenta June 4, 1859 · Franco-Italian victory
- 1859 Perugia uprising June 14–20, 1859
- Battle of Treponti June 27, 1859 · Austrian victory
- Armistice of Villafranca July 11, 1859
- Battle of Solferino June 24, 1859 · Franco-Sardinian victory
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Expedition of the Thousand May 5 – October 26, 1860 · Garibaldine victory
- Siege of Palermo May 27–30, 1860 · Garibaldine victory
- Battle of Calatafimi May 15, 1860 · Garibaldine victory
- Battle of Milazzo (1860) July 17–24, 1860 · Garibaldine victory
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Piedmontese invasion of the Papal States (1860) September 11–29, 1860 · Sardinian victory; annexation of Marche and Umbria
- Battle of Castelfidardo September 18, 1860 · Sardinian victory
- Battle of the Volturno September 26 – October 2, 1860 · Garibaldine victory
- Siege of Gaeta (1860–1861) November 5, 1860 – February 13, 1861 · Sardinian victory
- Proclamation of the Kingdom of Italy March 17, 1861
- Battle of Aspromonte August 29, 1862 · Regular army victory
- Battle of Mentana November 3, 1867 · Franco-Papal victory
- Capture of Rome September 20, 1870 · Italian victory
