Rome

Papal States de facto · 1789 – February 17, 1798 (from the border data)
Roman Republic (1798–1799) de facto · February 18, 1798 – September 17, 1799 (from the border data)
Papal States de facto · June 1, 1800 – May 17, 1809 (from the border data)
France de facto · May 17, 1809 – April 12, 1814 (from the border data)
Papal States de facto · June 9, 1815 – September 20, 1870 (from the border data)
Italy de facto · September 20, 1870 – September 7, 1943 (from the border data)
Germany de facto · September 9, 1943 – June 4, 1944 Military occupation (from the border data)
Italy de facto · since August 25, 1944 (from the border data)

Roman Republic (1798–1799) February 15, 1798 – September 30, 1799 From Wikidata (capital, P36)
Italy since June 2, 1946 From Wikidata (capital, P36)
Papal States until September 20, 1870 From Wikidata (capital, P36)
Vatican City From Wikidata (capital, P36)