✦ History

Kashmir conflict

October 22, 1947

India and Pakistan, and in the northeast India and China, dispute control of Kashmir, a region split among the three since partition in 1947. The dispute has produced three India-Pakistan wars and repeated border clashes.

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Battles and events 7

October 22, 1947 – January 1, 1949
Indo-Pakistani War of 1947-1948 Srinagar, Kashmir Jawaharlal Nehru, Liaquat Ali Khan, Muhammad Ali Jinnah
April 13, 1984 – November 25, 2003
Siachen conflict Indian victory Siachen Glacier Atal Bihari Vajpayee, Rajiv Gandhi, Chandra Shekhar
July 13, 1989
Insurgency in Jammu and Kashmir Jammu and Kashmir
May 3 – July 26, 1999
Kargil War Indian victory Kargil, Ladakh Atal Bihari Vajpayee, Pervez Musharraf, Nawaz Sharif
July 8, 2016 – February 2017
2016–2017 Kashmir unrest
February 14, 2019
2019 India–Pakistan border skirmishes Kashmir
May 2025 – May 10, 2025
2025 India–Pakistan conflict Ceasefire Pakistan Narendra Modi, Shehbaz Sharif, Zaheer Ahmad Babar

Key commanders

India 14

Jawaharlal Nehru Prime Minister of India Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel Deputy Prime Minister and Home Minister, drove the accession of the princely states to India Lord Mountbatten Governor-General of India, advised referring the Kashmir dispute to the UN Roy Bucher military commander Atal Bihari Vajpayee belligerent leader Ved Prakash Malik military commander Anil Tipnis military commander Narendra Modi belligerent leader Anil Chauhan military commander Rajiv Gandhi belligerent leader Chandra Shekhar belligerent leader Indira Gandhi belligerent leader P. V. Narasimha Rao belligerent leader V. P. Singh belligerent leader

Pakistan 10

Liaquat Ali Khan belligerent leader Muhammad Ali Jinnah Governor-General of Pakistan Frank Messervy military commander Pervez Musharraf military commander Nawaz Sharif belligerent leader Aziz Khan military commander Shehbaz Sharif belligerent leader Zaheer Ahmad Babar military commander Asim Munir military commander Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq military commander