✦ History

Philippine-American War

February 4, 1899 – July 2, 1902

Result American victory

The Philippine-American War began on 4 February 1899, after the United States annexed the Philippines under the Treaty of Paris ending the Spanish-American War, refusing to recognize the Philippine Republic proclaimed in 1898. Filipino forces shifted from conventional battles to guerrilla warfare by late 1899. President Emilio Aguinaldo was captured on 23 March 1901, and the U.S. declared the war over on 4 July 1902.

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Battles 5

February 4–5, 1899
Battle of Manila (1899) American victory Battle of Manila (1899) Elwell Stephen Otis, Arthur MacArthur Jr., Thomas M. Anderson
April 23, 1899
Battle of Quingua 1st phase: Filipino victory Battle of Quingua J. Franklin Bell, John M. Stotsenburg, Irving Hale
December 2, 1899
Battle of Tirad Pass Battle of Tirad Pass Peyton C. March
September 28, 1901
Balangiga massacre Philippine nationalist victory Balangiga massacre Jacob H. Smith
September 28, 1901
Battle of Balangiga Philippine nationalist victory Balangiga

Key commanders

United States 16

Theodore Roosevelt William McKinley belligerent leader William Howard Taft belligerent leader John J. Pershing military commander Adna Chaffee belligerent leader Tasker H. Bliss belligerent leader Leonard Wood belligerent leader J. Franklin Bell belligerent leader Elwell Stephen Otis military commander Arthur MacArthur Jr. military commander Jacob Gould Schurman military commander Thomas M. Anderson military commander John M. Stotsenburg military commander Irving Hale military commander Peyton C. March military commander Jacob H. Smith US commander of the reprisals on Samar