✦ History

Portuguese Colonial War

February 4, 1961 – April 25, 1974

Result Carnation Revolution

Ended by Alvor Agreement

Portugal fought independence movements in Angola, Guinea-Bissau and Mozambique. The war ended after the Carnation Revolution in Portugal, and the colonies became independent.

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Battles 4

February 4, 1961 – April 25, 1974
Angolan War of Independence Alvor Agreement Angola Agostinho Neto, Lúcio Lara, Francisco da Costa Gomes
December 1961 – December 19, 1961
Indian annexation of Goa Indian victory Portuguese India Jawaharlal Nehru, António de Oliveira Salazar, Vengalil Krishnan Krishna Menon
January 23, 1963 – September 10, 1974
Guinea-Bissau War of Independence Guinea-Bissau António de Spínola, Francisco da Costa Gomes, António de Oliveira Salazar
September 25, 1964 – September 8, 1974
Mozambican War of Independence Lusaka Accord Portuguese Mozambique Joaquim Chissano, Samora Moisés Machel, Eduardo Chivambo Mondlane

Key commanders

Portugal 5

António de Spínola military commander Francisco da Costa Gomes military commander António de Oliveira Salazar belligerent leader Américo Tomás belligerent leader Marcelo Caetano belligerent leader

MPLA 11

José Eduardo dos Santos belligerent leader Agostinho Neto belligerent leader Lúcio Lara belligerent leader Aristides Pereira belligerent leader João Bernardo Vieira belligerent leader Luís Cabral belligerent leader Joaquim Chissano belligerent leader Samora Moisés Machel belligerent leader Amílcar Cabral belligerent leader Álvaro Holden Roberto military commander Jonas Malheiro Savimbi military commander

India 3

Jawaharlal Nehru belligerent leader Vengalil Krishnan Krishna Menon military commander Joyanto Nath Chaudhuri military commander

Estado Novo 2

António de Oliveira Salazar belligerent leader Manuel António Vassalo e Silva military commander

Mozambique 3

Joaquim Chissano belligerent leader Samora Moisés Machel belligerent leader Eduardo Chivambo Mondlane military commander