✦ History

Somali Civil War

January 26, 1991

War that began with the fall of Siad Barre's regime in January 1991, left Somalia without a central government for years, and continues as a fight between the federal government and the jihadist group al-Shabaab.

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Battles and events 10

April 6, 1981 – May 18, 1991
Somaliland War of Independence Somaliland Ismail Omar Guelleh, Hassan Gouled Aptidon, Muhammad Ali Samatar
December 5, 1992 – May 4, 1993
Unified Task Force Somalia
March 1993 – March 28, 1995
United Nations Operation in Somalia II UNOSOM II failure Somalia Mohamed Farrah Aidid, Boutros Boutros-Ghali, William F. Garrison
August 22 – October 13, 1993
Operation Gothic Serpent Mogadishu William F. Garrison
October 3–4, 1993
Battle of Mogadishu (1993) Somali National Alliance victory Mogadishu William F. Garrison, William G. Boykin, Danny McKnight
December 20, 2006 – January 30, 2009
War in Somalia (2006–2009) Somali insurgent victory, see Consequences Somalia George W. Bush, Barack Obama, Meles Zenawi
December 31, 2006 – January 1, 2007
Battle of Jilib Ethiopian/TFG victory
January 31, 2009
Somali Civil War (2009–present)
August 23, 2010 – August 6, 2011
Battle of Mogadishu (2010–2011) Sharif Sheikh Ahmed, Sheikh Mukhtar Robow, Ibrahim Haji Jama Mee'aad
September 25 – October 1, 2012
Battle of Kismayo (2012) Kismayo

Key commanders

United Nations 6

William F. Garrison military commander William G. Boykin military commander Danny McKnight military commander Boutros Boutros-Ghali belligerent leader Çevik Bir military commander Jonathan Howe military commander

Federal Government of Somalia 11

Siad Barre head of state/government George W. Bush belligerent leader Barack Obama belligerent leader Meles Zenawi belligerent leader Ali Mohammed Ghedi belligerent leader Abdullahi Yusuf Ahmed belligerent leader Robert Gates belligerent leader Samora Yunis military commander Mohamed Farrah Aidid military commander Mohammed Said Hersi Morgan military commander Hassan Dahir Aweys military commander

Somalia and allies 6

Ismail Omar Guelleh military commander Hassan Gouled Aptidon belligerent leader Muhammad Ali Samatar belligerent leader Siad Barre military commander Mohammed Said Hersi Morgan military commander Sharif Sheikh Ahmed military commander

United States and allies 1

William F. Garrison military commander

al-Qaeda 3

Sheikh Mukhtar Robow military commander Ibrahim Haji Jama Mee'aad military commander Hassan Dahir Aweys military commander