✦ History

Balkan Wars

October 8, 1912 – July 18, 1913

Serbia, Bulgaria, Greece and Montenegro drove the Ottoman Empire out of most of Europe. They then fought each other over the spoils, and Bulgaria lost in the second war.

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Battles 2

October 8, 1912 – May 30, 1913
First Balkan War Balkan theater (representative) Mehmed V, Eleftherios Venizelos, Pavlos Kountouriotis
June 29 – August 10, 1913
Second Balkan War Macedonia Mehmed V, Racho Petrov, Pavlos Kountouriotis

Key commanders

Ottoman Empire 11

Mehmed V military commander Enver Pasha military commander Rauf Orbay military commander Zeki Kolaç military commander Hasan Riza Pasha military commander Abdullah Kölemen military commander Mehmed Şükrü Paşa military commander Nazim Pasha military commander Hasan Tahsin Pasha military commander Mehmet Esat Bülkat military commander İsmail Hakkı Okday military commander

Balkan League 20

Eleftherios Venizelos military commander Pavlos Kountouriotis military commander Janko Vukotić military commander Peter I of Serbia military commander Alexander I of Yugoslavia military commander Radko Dimitriev military commander Ferdinand I of Bulgaria military commander Mihail Savov military commander Vasil Kutinchev military commander Radomir Putnik military commander Stepa Stepanović military commander Nicholas I of Montenegro military commander Danilo, Crown Prince of Montenegro military commander Radomir Vešović military commander Nikola Ivanov military commander Georgi Vazov military commander Petar Bojović military commander Constantine I of Greece military commander Konstantinos Sapountzakis military commander Dimitrios Matthaiopoulos military commander

Serbia and allies 6

Mehmed V military commander Pavlos Kountouriotis military commander Janko Vukotić military commander Carol I of Romania military commander Ferdinand I of Romania military commander Enver Pasha military commander

Bulgaria 4

Racho Petrov military commander Ferdinand I of Bulgaria military commander Mihail Savov military commander Vasil Kutinchev military commander

First Balkan War 12

Mehmed V belligerent leader Enver Pasha belligerent leader Rauf Orbay belligerent leader Radko Dimitriev belligerent leader Mihail Savov belligerent leader Vasil Kutinchev belligerent leader Zeki Kolaç belligerent leader Nikola Ivanov belligerent leader Abdullah Kölemen belligerent leader Nazim Pasha belligerent leader Hasan Tahsin Pasha belligerent leader Abdul Kerim Pasha belligerent leader

Kingdom of Bulgaria 13

Eleftherios Venizelos belligerent leader Pavlos Kountouriotis belligerent leader Alexandru Averescu belligerent leader Carol I of Romania belligerent leader Ferdinand I of Romania belligerent leader Ferdinand I of Bulgaria belligerent leader Radomir Putnik belligerent leader Stepa Stepanović belligerent leader Nicholas I of Montenegro belligerent leader Danilo, Crown Prince of Montenegro belligerent leader Petar Bojović belligerent leader Constantine I of Greece belligerent leader Ahmed Izzet Pasha belligerent leader