✦ History

Balkan Wars

October 8, 1912 – July 18, 1913

Ended by Treaty of Bucharest (1913), Treaty of Constantinople (1913)

Serbia, Bulgaria, Greece and Montenegro drove the Ottoman Empire out of most of Europe. They then fought each other over the spoils, and Bulgaria lost in the second war.

View war on globe Full event page

Battles and events 4

October 8, 1912 – May 30, 1913
First Balkan War Balkan League victory Balkan theater (representative) Mehmed V, Eleftherios Venizelos, Pavlos Kountouriotis
May 30, 1913
Treaty of London (1913) London
June 29 – August 10, 1913
Second Balkan War Bulgarian defeat Macedonia Mehmed V, Racho Petrov, Pavlos Kountouriotis
July 12–18, 1913
Siege of Vidin (1913) Bulgarian victory Vidin

Key commanders

Ottoman Empire 12

Mehmed V belligerent leader Enver Pasha military commander Rauf Orbay military commander Zeki Kolaç military commander Hasan Riza Pasha military commander Abdullah Kölemen military commander Mehmed Şükrü Paşa military commander Nazim Pasha military commander Hasan Tahsin Pasha military commander Mehmet Esat Bülkat military commander İsmail Hakkı Okday military commander Mahmud Shevket Pasha military commander

Balkan League 21

Eleftherios Venizelos belligerent leader Pavlos Kountouriotis military commander Janko Vukotić military commander Peter I of Serbia military commander Alexander I of Yugoslavia military commander Radko Dimitriev military commander Ferdinand I of Bulgaria military commander Mihail Savov military commander Vasil Kutinchev military commander Radomir Putnik military commander Stepa Stepanović military commander Nicholas I of Montenegro military commander Danilo, Crown Prince of Montenegro military commander Radomir Vešović military commander Nikola Ivanov military commander Georgi Vazov military commander Petar Bojović military commander Constantine I of Greece military commander Konstantinos Sapountzakis military commander Dimitrios Matthaiopoulos military commander Vladimir Vazov military commander

Serbia and allies 10

Mehmed V belligerent leader Pavlos Kountouriotis military commander Janko Vukotić military commander Carol I of Romania military commander Ferdinand I of Romania military commander Enver Pasha military commander Peter I of Serbia military commander Radomir Putnik military commander Stepa Stepanović military commander Petar Bojović military commander

Bulgaria 7

Racho Petrov military commander Radko Dimitriev military commander Ferdinand I of Bulgaria military commander Mihail Savov military commander Vasil Kutinchev military commander Nikola Ivanov military commander Stiliyan Kovachev military commander

Ottoman Empire and Bulgaria 14

Mehmed V belligerent leader Enver Pasha belligerent leader Rauf Orbay belligerent leader Radko Dimitriev belligerent leader Ferdinand I of Bulgaria belligerent leader Mihail Savov belligerent leader Vasil Kutinchev belligerent leader Zeki Kolaç belligerent leader Nikola Ivanov belligerent leader Abdullah Kölemen belligerent leader Nazim Pasha belligerent leader Hasan Tahsin Pasha belligerent leader Abdul Kerim Pasha belligerent leader Ahmed Izzet Pasha belligerent leader

Balkan League and Romania 11

Eleftherios Venizelos belligerent leader Pavlos Kountouriotis belligerent leader Alexandru Averescu belligerent leader Carol I of Romania belligerent leader Ferdinand I of Romania belligerent leader Radomir Putnik belligerent leader Stepa Stepanović belligerent leader Nicholas I of Montenegro belligerent leader Danilo, Crown Prince of Montenegro belligerent leader Petar Bojović belligerent leader Constantine I of Greece belligerent leader