First Balkan War

October 8, 1912 – May 30, 1913 · Balkan theater (representative)

Result Balkan League victory

War between the Balkan League (Serbia, Bulgaria, Greece, Montenegro) and the Ottoman Empire. Ended with the Treaty of London; heightened tensions that fed into the July Crisis of 1914.

On the map Overview Contemporaries

Balkan League

Ottoman Empire

Other

Serbia

Bulgaria

Greece

Montenegro

Ottoman Empire

Eleftherios Venizelos belligerent leader

Pavlos Kountouriotis military commander

Janko Vukotić military commander

Peter I of Serbia military commander

Alexander I of Yugoslavia military commander

Radko Dimitriev military commander

Ferdinand I of Bulgaria military commander

Mihail Savov military commander

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Vasil Kutinchev military commander

Radomir Putnik military commander

Stepa Stepanović military commander

Nicholas I of Montenegro military commander

Danilo, Crown Prince of Montenegro military commander

Radomir Vešović military commander

Nikola Ivanov military commander

Georgi Vazov military commander

Petar Bojović military commander

Constantine I of Greece military commander

Konstantinos Sapountzakis military commander Dimitrios Matthaiopoulos military commander

Vladimir Vazov military commander

Mehmed V belligerent leader

Enver Pasha military commander

Rauf Orbay military commander

Zeki Kolaç military commander

Hasan Riza Pasha military commander

Abdullah Kölemen military commander

Mehmed Şükrü Paşa military commander

Nazim Pasha military commander

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Hasan Tahsin Pasha military commander

Mehmet Esat Bülkat military commander

İsmail Hakkı Okday military commander

Mahmud Shevket Pasha military commander

Strength and losses

Greece Killed c. 5,000

Bulgaria Killed c. 32,000

Killed: 50,000
Wounded: 100,000
Captured: 115,000

Ottoman Empire Killed c. 30,000

Killed: c. 82,000

Units

Bulgarian Second Army (1912–1913) Bulgarian Third Army (1912–1913) First Army (Serbia) Fourth Army (Bulgaria) Greek Army of Thessaly (1912–1913) Montenegrin army (1912–1913) Second Army (Serbia) Third Army (Serbia)

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1st Infantry Division (Greece) 2nd Mechanized Infantry Division 3rd Infantry Division (Greece) 4th Infantry Division (Greece) 6th Infantry Division (Greece) 8th Infantry Division (Greece) 5th Airmobile Brigade 1/38 National Guard Command Greek fleet (1912–1913)

Eastern Army (Ottoman Empire) Vardar Army VII Corps (Ottoman Empire) X Corps (Ottoman Empire)

Battles and events 26

Key events

Battle of Kirk Kilisse October 22–24, 1912 · Bulgarian victory
Battle of Sarantaporo October 22–23, 1912 · Greek victory
Battle of Kumanovo October 23–24, 1912 · Serbian victory
Siege of Scutari (1912–1913) October 28, 1912 – April 23, 1913 · Montenegrin–Serbian victory
Battle of Lule Burgas October 28 – November 2, 1912 · Bulgarian victory
Battle of Yenidje November 2, 1912 · Greek victory
Siege of Adrianople (1912–1913) November 3, 1912 – March 26, 1913 · Bulgarian-Serbian victory
Battle of Monastir November 16–19, 1912 · Serbian victory
First Battle of Çatalca November 17–18, 1912 · Ottoman victory
Battle of Elli December 16, 1912 · Greek victory
Battle of Lemnos (1913) January 18, 1913 · Greek victory
Battle of Bizani March 4–6, 1913 · Greek victory

1912 20 events

Battle of Kardzhali October 21, 1912 · Bulgarian victory
Battle of Sarantaporo October 22–23, 1912 · Greek victory
Battle of Kirk Kilisse October 22–24, 1912 · Bulgarian victory
Battle of Kumanovo October 23–24, 1912 · Serbian victory
Battle of Pente Pigadia October 23 – November 3, 1912 · Greek victory
Battle of Lule Burgas October 28 – November 2, 1912 · Bulgarian victory
Siege of Scutari (1912–1913) October 28, 1912 – April 23, 1913 · Montenegrin–Serbian victory
Battle of Yenidje November 2, 1912 · Greek victory
Battle of Sorovich November 2–6, 1912 · Ottoman victory
Siege of Adrianople (1912–1913) November 3, 1912 – March 26, 1913 · Bulgarian-Serbian victory
Battle of Prilep November 3–5, 1912 · Serbian victory
Battle of Monastir November 16–19, 1912 · Serbian victory
First Battle of Çatalca November 17–18, 1912 · Ottoman victory
Himara revolt of 1912 November 18, 1912
Battle of Kaliakra (1912) November 21, 1912 · Bulgarian victory
Battle of Driskos November 26–28, 1912 · Ottoman victory
Battle of Merhamli November 27, 1912 · Bulgarian victory
Battle of Lumë December 6, 1912 · Serbian military victory
Battle of Elli December 16, 1912 · Greek victory
Capture of Korytsa December 20, 1912 · Greek victory

1913 6 events

Battle of Lemnos (1913) January 18, 1913 · Greek victory
Battle of Bulair January 26, 1913 · Bulgarian victory
Battle of Şarköy February 9–11, 1913 · Bulgarian victory
Battle of Bizani March 4–6, 1913 · Greek victory
Second Battle of Çatalca April 3, 1913 · Small territorial gains for the Bulgarians
Blockade of Montenegro April 10 – May 14, 1913

Before and after

Followed from: Italo-Turkish War September 29, 1911 – October 18, 1912
Ended by: Treaty of London (1913) May 30, 1913
Treaty of Athens November 14, 1913
Led to: Second Balkan War June 29 – August 10, 1913