French invasion of Russia

June 24 – December 14, 1812

Napoleon invaded Russia with about 600,000 men and took Moscow, but had to retreat in winter. Most of his army was lost, which began the collapse of his empire.

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Battles 2

September 7, 1812
Battle of Borodino Napoleon, Mikhail Kutuzov, Michel Ney
November 26–29, 1812
Battle of Berezina Pavel Chichagov, Napoleon

Battle sites 2

Key commanders

French Empire and allies 3

Napoleon Emperor of the French, Led the Grande Armée into Russia · 1769–1821 Michel Ney Marshal, Led the attacks on the Russian centre-left · 1769–1815 Joachim Murat Marshal, Commanded the cavalry · 1767–1815

Coalition 5

Alexander I of Russia Emperor of Russia, Refused to negotiate after the fall of Moscow · 1777–1825 Mikhail Kutuzov Commander-in-chief, Fought at Borodino and pursued the retreating French · 1745–1813 Pyotr Bagration General, Commanded the 2nd Western Army · 1765–1812 Pavel Chichagov Admiral, Commanded the Army of the Danube on the west bank · 1767–1849 Michael Andreas Barclay de Tolly Minister of War, Commanded the 1st Western Army and led the retreat · 1761–1818