✦ History

Operation Northwind (1944)

December 31, 1944 – January 25, 1945 · Alsace

Result Allied victory

German forces attacked the U.S. Seventh Army and French First Army in Alsace and Lorraine. It was the last major German offensive on the Western Front, and it failed.

On the map Contemporaries

USA

Nazi Germany

United States
France
Germany
Jean de Lattre de Tassigny military commander Jacob L. Devers military commander Alexander M. Patch military commander Edward H. Brooks military commander
Heinrich Himmler military commander Johannes Blaskowitz military commander Hans von Obstfelder military commander

Strength and losses

Strength
680,000
Casualties
11,609

Units

1st Army (France) 1st Army Corps (France) XXI Corps (United States) Seventh United States Army VI Corps (United States) 2nd Army Corps (France) XV Corps (United States) 100th Training Division 103rd Infantry Division (United States) 12th Armored Division (United States) 14th Armored Division (United States) 1st Armored Division (France) 1st Colonial Infantry Division 1st Free French Division 2nd Armored Division (France) 36th Infantry Division (United States) 3rd Algerian Infantry Division 42nd Infantry Division (United States) 44th Infantry Division (United States) 45th Infantry Division (United States) 5th Armored Division (France) 63rd Readiness Division 70th Infantry Division (United States) 79th Infantry Division (United States) US 3rd Division 7th Infantry Regiment (United States)
19th Army (Wehrmacht) LXIV Army Corps (Wehrmacht) 1st Army (Wehrmacht) LXXXIX Army Corps (Wehrmacht) LXXXX Army Corps (Wehrmacht) XIII SS Army Corps XIV SS Corps 10th SS Panzer Division Frundsberg 159th Infantry Division (Wehrmacht) 17th SS Panzergrenadier Division Götz von Berlichingen 189th Infantry Division (Wehrmacht) 198th Infantry Division (Wehrmacht) 19th Grenadier Division 21st Panzer Division 256th Infantry Division 257th Infantry Division 25th Panzergrenadier Division 269th Infantry Division 30th Waffen Grenadier Division of the SS 361st Infantry Division 36th Infantry Division (Wehrmacht) 553rd Volksgrenadier Division 559th Volksgrenadier Division 6th SS Mountain Division Nord 708th Volksgrenadier Division 716th Static Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)