✦ History

World War II

September 1, 1939 – September 2, 1945

Result Allied victory

Ended by German Instrument of Surrender, Japanese Instrument of Surrender

Global war from 1939 to 1945 between the Allies, led by the United Kingdom, the Soviet Union, the United States and China, and the Axis powers, led by Germany, Japan and Italy. It began with the German invasion of Poland and ended with the surrender of Japan, and it was the deadliest conflict in history, including the Holocaust and the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki.

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Battles and events 329

1939 – 1944
World War II in Albania LANÇ victory Italian protectorate of Albania Adolf Hitler, Benito Mussolini, Haxhi Lleshi
September 1 – October 6, 1939
Invasion of Poland German–Soviet victory Adolf Hitler, Joseph Stalin, Hermann Göring
September 1–3, 1939
Battle of Mława German victory Uniszki Zawadzkie Georg von Küchler
September 1939 – January 1940
Operation Tannenberg General Government Reinhard Heydrich
September 1, 1939 – May 8, 1945
European theatre of World War II Allied victory Europe Adolf Hitler, Franklin D. Roosevelt, Joseph Stalin
September 3, 1939 – May 8, 1945
Battle of the Atlantic Allied victory Battle of the Atlantic Winston Churchill, Karl Dönitz, Erich Raeder
September 3, 1939
British declaration of war on Germany (1939) London
September 3, 1939
French declaration of war on Germany (1939) Paris
September 8–28, 1939
Siege of Warsaw (1939) German victory Warsaw Johannes Blaskowitz, Georg von Küchler
September 9 – October 2, 1939
Battle of Hel German victory Hel Peninsula Friedrich-Georg Eberhardt
September 12–22, 1939
Battle of Lwów (1939) German–Soviet victory Lviv Ferdinand Schörner, Filipp Golikov
September 14–17, 1939
Battle of Brześć Litewski German victory Brest Fortress Heinz Guderian
September 17–26, 1939
Battle of Tomaszów Lubelski German victory Tomaszów Lubelski Wilhelm List, Paul Ludwig Ewald von Kleist, Walter von Reichenau
September 17 – October 6, 1939
Soviet invasion of Poland Soviet victory Poland Semyon Timoshenko
1940 – 1944
Norwegian heavy water sabotage Allied victory Vemork
February 16, 1940
Altmark incident British victory Jøssingfjorden
February 19, 1940
Operation Wikinger North Sea
April 1940 – May 31, 1940
Katyn massacre Katyn Forest Joseph Stalin, Lavrentiy Beria
April 9 – June 10, 1940
Operation Weserübung German victory Oslo, Norway Nikolaus von Falkenhorst, Leonhard Kaupisch, Eduard Dietl
April 9 – June 10, 1940
Norwegian campaign German victory Norway Nikolaus von Falkenhorst, Kristian Laake, Otto Ruge
April 9, 1940
German invasion of Denmark (1940) German victory Denmark Thorvald Stauning, Christian X of Denmark, Leonhard Kaupisch
April 9, 1940 – May 8, 1945
German occupation of Norway
April 9, 1940
Action off Lofoten
April 10, 1940
Battle of Midtskogen Norwegian victory Midtskogen
April 13, 1940 – May 13, 1945
British occupation of the Faroe Islands Unopposed British landing Faroe Islands
May 3–5, 1940
Battle of Vinjesvingen Vinjesvingen
May 10 – June 25, 1940
Battle of France Axis victory Adolf Hitler, Hermann Göring, Gerd von Rundstedt
May 10–15, 1940
German invasion of the Netherlands German victory Netherlands Fedor von Bock, Henri Giraud, Godfried van Voorst tot Voorst
May 10–28, 1940
German invasion of Belgium (1940) German victory Belgium Adolf Hitler, Hubert Pierlot, Fedor von Bock
May 10, 1940
Battle of the Hague (1940) The Hague Kurt Student, Hans Graf von Sponeck, Henri Winkelman
May 12–14, 1940
Battle of Hannut Hannut René Prioux
May 12–14, 1940
Battle of the Afsluitdijk Dutch victory Afsluitdijk
May 14–15, 1940
Battle of Gembloux (1940) French victory Gembloux Georges Blanchard, René Prioux
May 17, 1940
Battle of Montcornet French victory Montcornet Charles de Gaulle, Wolfram von Richthofen, Heinz Guderian
May 21, 1940
Battle of Arras (1940) German victory Arras Erwin Rommel, Harold Franklyn
May 22–26, 1940
Siege of Calais (1940) German victory Calais
May 26 – June 4, 1940
Battle of Dunkirk Dunkirk, France Winston Churchill, Hermann Göring, Gerd von Rundstedt
May 26 – June 4, 1940
Dunkirk evacuation Successful retreat Dunkirk Hermann Göring, Gerd von Rundstedt, Jean-Marie Charles Abrial
June 4, 1940
Battle of Abbeville German victory Abbeville Erich von Manstein, Charles de Gaulle, Maxime Weygand
June 10, 1940 – May 16, 1943
North African campaign Allied victory Kingdom of Egypt Dwight D. Eisenhower, Archibald Wavell, Bernard Montgomery
June 10, 1940 – May 2, 1945
Mediterranean and Middle East theatre of World War II Allied victory North Africa Adolf Hitler, Franklin D. Roosevelt, Joseph Stalin
June 11, 1940 – February 4, 1943
Western Desert campaign Allied victory Western Desert, Egypt–Libya border Archibald Wavell, Bernard Montgomery, Erwin Rommel
June 11, 1940 – November 20, 1942
Siege of Malta (World War II) Allied victory Crown Colony of Malta Albert Kesselring, Keith Park, Andrew Cunningham, 1st Viscount Cunningham of Hyndhope
June 24–25, 1940
Operation Collar (commando raid) Inconclusive Neufchâtel-Hardelot
June 28 – July 3, 1940
Soviet occupation of Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina Soviet victory Bessarabia
June 30, 1940 – May 9, 1945
German occupation of the Channel Islands Channel Islands
July 9, 1940
Battle of Calabria Inconclusive Calabria Andrew Cunningham, 1st Viscount Cunningham of Hyndhope
July 10 – October 31, 1940
Battle of Britain British victory London Adolf Hitler, Winston Churchill, Hermann Göring
July 14–15, 1940
Operation Ambassador British failure Guernsey
July 31 – August 4, 1940
Operation Hurry British victory Mediterranean Sea Andrew Cunningham, 1st Viscount Cunningham of Hyndhope, James Somerville
September 7, 1940 – May 21, 1941
The Blitz Axis strategic failure United Kingdom Adolf Hitler, Winston Churchill, Hermann Göring
September 9, 1940
Italian bombing of Mandatory Palestine in World War II German victory Mandatory Palestine
September 23–25, 1940
Battle of Dakar Vichy French victory Dakar Charles de Gaulle, John Cunningham
October 1940 – May 9, 1941
Franco-Thai War Indecisive French Indochina Plaek Phibunsongkhram, Jean Decoux, Sindh Kamalanavin
October 28, 1940 – June 1, 1941
Balkans campaign (World War II) Axis victory Albania Alexandros Papagos, Ioannis Metaxas, Bernard Freyberg, 1st Baron Freyberg
November 11–12, 1940
Battle of Taranto British victory Taranto Andrew Cunningham, 1st Viscount Cunningham of Hyndhope
November 12, 1940
Action in the Strait of Otranto British victory Strait of Otranto
November 27, 1940
Battle of Cape Spartivento Inconclusive Mediterranean Sea James Somerville, Lancelot Holland
December 9, 1940 – February 9, 1941
Operation Compass British victory Sidi Barrani Archibald Wavell, Richard O'Connor, Rodolfo Graziani
December 20, 1940 – December 15, 1944
1940–1944 insurgency in Chechnya Deportation of Chechens and Ingushes Checheno-Ingush Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic · Dagestan Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic
January 3–5, 1941
Battle of Bardia Allied victory Bardia Annibale Bergonzoli
February 5 – April 1, 1941
Battle of Keren Allied victory Keren William Platt
February 10, 1941
Operation Colossus Calitri
March 1941
Clydebank Blitz Clydebank largely destroyed by German air raids Clydebank Adolf Hitler, Winston Churchill, Hermann Göring
April 1941 – October 1944
Axis occupation of Greece
April 1941 – April 30, 1941
German invasion of Greece Axis victory Kingdom of Greece Alexandros Papagos, Bernard Freyberg, 1st Baron Freyberg, Giovanni Messe
April 6–18, 1941
Invasion of Yugoslavia Axis victory Belgrade, Yugoslavia Josip Broz Tito, Dušan Simović, Walther von Brauchitsch
April 6, 1941
German bombing of Belgrade Belgrade
April 6, 1941 – May 15, 1945
World War II in Yugoslavia Yugoslav Partisan–Allied victory
April 10 – November 27, 1941
Siege of Tobruk Allied victory Tobruk Erwin Rommel, Leslie Morshead, Ronald Scobie
April 11–12, 1941
Battle of Vevi (1941) German victory Vevi Sepp Dietrich
May 1941 – September 1941
Middle East Theatre of World War II Allied victory sub-Saharan Africa Adolf Hitler, Franklin D. Roosevelt, Joseph Stalin
May 4–19, 1941
Battle of Amba Alagi (1941) Allied victory Amba Alagi Prince Amedeo, 3rd Duke of Aosta, Alan Cunningham, William Platt
May 20 – June 1, 1941
Battle of Crete Axis victory Crete Bernard Freyberg, 1st Baron Freyberg, Robert Laycock, Kurt Student
May 20, 1941
Battle of Heraklion German victory Chania
June 16, 1941
Allied occupation of Iceland Iceland Björn Þórðarson, Hermann Jónasson, Ólafur Thors
June 22, 1941 – January 7, 1942
Operation Barbarossa Axis strategic failure Adolf Hitler, Joseph Stalin, Hermann Göring
June 22, 1941 – May 9, 1945
Eastern Front (World War II) Soviet victory Soviet Union Adolf Hitler, Joseph Stalin, Benito Mussolini
June 22 – July 3, 1941
Battle of Białystok–Minsk German victory Belarus Fedor von Bock, Günther von Kluge, Maximilian von Weichs
June 23–30, 1941
Battle of Brody (1941) German victory Brody Mikhail Kirponos, Paul Ludwig Ewald von Kleist
June 25, 1941 – September 19, 1944
Second Soviet-Finnish War Soviet victory Karelia, Finland Joseph Stalin, Risto Ryti, Carl Gustaf Emil Mannerheim
June 26, 1941
Bombing of Kassa Hungary declares war on the Soviet Union Košice
July 15 – August 8, 1941
Battle of Uman Axis victory Zelena Brama Gerd von Rundstedt, Semyon Budyonny, Mikhail Kirponos
July 25–26, 1941
Raid on Grand Harbour British victory Malta
August 1941 – May 1945
Arctic convoys of World War II Allied victory Norwegian Sea
August 1941
Finnish invasion of Ladoga Karelia Finnish victory
August 7 – September 26, 1941
Battle of Kiev (1941) German victory Kyiv Semyon Timoshenko, Gerd von Rundstedt, Semyon Budyonny
August 8 – October 16, 1941
Siege of Odessa Axis victory Odesa Erich von Manstein, Ion Antonescu, Filipp Oktyabrsky
August 25 – September 17, 1941
Anglo-Soviet invasion of Iran Anglo-Soviet victory Pahlavi dynasty Joseph Stalin, William Slim, 1st Viscount Slim, Reza Shah
August 25 – September 3, 1941
Operation Gauntlet Svalbard
September 8, 1941 – January 27, 1944
Siege of Leningrad Soviet victory Siege of Leningrad Kliment Voroshilov, Carl Gustaf Emil Mannerheim, Georgy Zhukov
October 2, 1941 – January 7, 1942
Battle of Moscow Soviet victory Moscow Adolf Hitler, Joseph Stalin, Hermann Göring
November 10 – December 30, 1941
Tikhvin Offensive Soviet victory Leningrad Oblast Wilhelm Ritter von Leeb, Kirill Meretskov, Ernst Busch
November 17 – December 2, 1941
Battle of Rostov (1941) Soviet victory Rostov-on-Don Gerd von Rundstedt, Yakov Cherevichenko, Anton Lopatin
November 19, 1941
Sinking of HMAS Sydney Indian Ocean
December 7, 1941
Attack on Pearl Harbor Japanese victory Honolulu Franklin D. Roosevelt, Isoroku Yamamoto, Hideki Tojo
December 7, 1941 – September 2, 1945
Pacific War Allied victory Pacific Ocean Franklin D. Roosevelt, Chiang Kai-shek, Hirohito
December 11, 1941
German declaration of war on the United States Berlin Joachim von Ribbentrop
December 11, 1941
United States declaration of war on Germany (1941) Washington, D.C.
December 14, 1941 – September 13, 1945
Burma campaign Allied victory Burma campaign Heitarō Kimura, William Slim, 1st Viscount Slim, Subhas Chandra Bose
December 27, 1941
Operation Archery Allied victory Vågsøy Municipality
January 1942 – August 21, 1945
Solomon Islands campaign Allied victory Solomon Islands Chester W. Nimitz, Isoroku Yamamoto, Douglas MacArthur
1942 – 1945
Operation Bernhard Sachsenhausen
1942
Operation Hardboiled
1942 – 1945
Torpedo Alley German victory Karl Dönitz
January 5, 1942 – March 21, 1943
Battles of Rzhev Inconclusive Rzhev Georgy Zhukov, Walter Model, Günther von Kluge
January 9–11, 1942
Battle of Dražgoše Partisans retreated on the third day, Germans razed Dražgoše and imprisoned or killed its inhabitants in revenge Dražgoše
January 11–12, 1942
Battle of Tarakan (1942) Japanese victory Tarakan Island Shōji Nishimura
January 14, 1942
Operation Postmaster British victory Bioko
January 14–22, 1942
Battle of Muar Japanese victory Muar District Gordon Bennett, Takuma Nishimura
January 30 – February 3, 1942
Battle of Ambon Japanese victory Ambon Island Takeo Takagi
February 2, 1942
Operation Ozren Partisan withdrawal Doboj · Maglaj Josip Broz Tito
February 4, 1942
Battle of Makassar Strait Japanese victory Java Sea
February 8–15, 1942
Battle of Singapore Japanese victory Singapore Archibald Wavell, Renya Mutaguchi, Tomoyuki Yamashita
February 11–12, 1942
Operation Donnerkeil German victory English Channel Trafford Leigh-Mallory
February 16, 1942
Attack on Aruba Axis victory
February 19, 1942 – February 10, 1943
Battle of Timor Japanese victory West Timor Douglas MacArthur, W.C.D. Veale, Alexander Spence
February 25, 1942
Battle of Los Angeles Los Angeles
February 27–28, 1942
Operation Biting British victory Saint-Jouin-Bruneval
February 28 – March 1, 1942
Battle of Sunda Strait Japanese victory Sunda Strait Takeo Kurita
March 1, 1942
Second Battle of the Java Sea Japanese victory Java Sea Takeo Takagi
March 1942
Operation Sportpalast Inconclusive
March 1942
Dünamünde Action
March 3, 1942
Attack on Broome Japanese victory Broome
March 26 – April 6, 1942
Operation Bamberg
March 29, 1942
Bombing of Lübeck in World War II
April 1942 – June 1942
Operation Hannover German victory Walter Model
April 5–9, 1942
Air raid on Ceylon (5 April 1942) Japanese victory Indian Ocean
May 1942 – November 1944
Battle of the St. Lawrence Allied strategic victory Karl Dönitz, Leonard W. Murray
May 5 – November 6, 1942
Battle of Madagascar Allied victory Madagascar Armand Annet, Robert Sturges, Edward Neville Syfret
May 8, 1942
Cocos Islands mutiny British victory Cocos (Keeling) Islands
May 26 – June 21, 1942
Battle of Gazala Axis victory Gazala Willoughby Norrie, 1st Baron Norrie, Erwin Rommel, Albert Kesselring
May 26 – June 11, 1942
Battle of Bir Hakeim Bir Hakeim Erwin Rommel, Walther Nehring, Dimitri Amilakhvari
May 27, 1942
Operation Anthropoid Prague Reinhard Heydrich
May 31 – June 8, 1942
Attack on Sydney Harbour Indecisive Port Jackson
June 4–7, 1942
Battle of Midway American victory Midway Atoll Chester W. Nimitz, Isoroku Yamamoto, Raymond A. Spruance
June 4, 1942
Battle of Dutch Harbor Japanese victory Unalaska Simon Bolivar Buckner Jr.
June 10, 1942
Lidice massacre Lidice, Czechoslovakia Adolf Hitler, Kurt Daluege, Karl Hermann Frank
June 28 – July 24, 1942
Battle of Voronezh (1942) Axis victory Voronezh Rodion Malinovsky, Semyon Timoshenko, Fedor von Bock
July 17, 1942 – February 2, 1943
Battle of Stalingrad Soviet victory Adolf Hitler, Joseph Stalin, Hermann Göring
July 19, 1942
Battle of Rostov (1942) German victory Rodion Malinovsky, Wolfram von Richthofen, Wilhelm List
July 21 – November 16, 1942
Kokoda Track campaign Allied victory Kokoda Track Douglas MacArthur, Basil Morris, Thomas Blamey
July 22, 1942
Operation Fischreiher Axis operation failure Semyon Timoshenko, Nikolai Vatutin, Hermann Hoth
August 7, 1942 – February 9, 1943
Guadalcanal campaign Allied victory Guadalcanal Chester W. Nimitz, Isoroku Yamamoto, Frank Jack Fletcher
August 8–9, 1942
Battle of Savo Island Japanese victory Savo Island Richmond K. Turner
August 13, 1942 – January 1, 1947
Manhattan Project Los Alamos Laboratory, New Mexico John von Neumann, J. Robert Oppenheimer, Enrico Fermi
August 19, 1942
Dieppe Raid German victory Dieppe Gerd von Rundstedt, Lord Mountbatten, Trafford Leigh-Mallory
August 24–25, 1942
Battle of the Eastern Solomons American victory Frank Jack Fletcher, Chūichi Nagumo, Nobutake Kondō
August 30 – September 5, 1942
Battle of Alam el Halfa British victory El Alamein Bernard Montgomery, Erwin Rommel, Giuseppe De Stefanis
September 11–21, 1942
Operation Musketoon Allied victory Glomfjord Nikolaus von Falkenhorst
October 5–12, 1942
Operation Alfa Partisan retreat and massacre of inhabitants by Chetnik forces Western Herzegovina
October 11–12, 1942
Battle of Cape Esperance American victory Norman Scott
October 22–27, 1942
Battle of Goodenough Island Allied victory Goodenough Island
November 8–16, 1942
Operation Torch Allied victory Operation Torch Dwight D. Eisenhower, George S. Patton, François Darlan
November 17, 1942 – May 13, 1943
Tunisian campaign Allied victory Tunis Dwight D. Eisenhower, George S. Patton, Bernard Montgomery
November 19, 1942 – January 16, 1943
Battle of Velikiye Luki Soviet victory Velikiye Luki
November 30, 1942
Battle of Tassafaronga Japanese victory Tassafaronga Point Carleton H. Wright, Mahlon Tisdale, Laurence A. Abercrombie
December 11–18, 1942
Battle of El Agheila (see Analysis section) El Agheila Bernard Montgomery, Erwin Rommel, Harold Alexander
December 31, 1942
Battle of the Barents Sea British victory Barents Sea Robert St Vincent Sherbrooke, Robert Burnett
1943
Operation Concert Soviet victory
January 13–26, 1943
Battle of Nikolayevka Axis victory
February 8–26, 1943
Operation Hornung German victory
February 10–13, 1943
Battle of Krasny Bor Axis victory Krasny Bor Kliment Voroshilov, Leonid Govorov
February 19 – March 15, 1943
Third Battle of Kharkov German victory Kharkiv Erich von Manstein, Konstantin Rokossovsky, Nikolai Vatutin
March 2–4, 1943
Battle of the Bismarck Sea Allied victory Bismarck Sea
April 1–19, 1943
Operation I-Go Inconclusive New Britain Isoroku Yamamoto, Douglas MacArthur, William Halsey Jr.
May 11–30, 1943
Battle of Attu Allied victory Attu Island Thomas Cassin Kinkaid
May 16–17, 1943
Operation Chastise British victory Eder Guy Gibson
May 20 – June 24, 1943
Operation Cottbus Estimated at least 20,000 victims at the cost of 59 German troops KIA <!---
June 20 – October 7, 1943
New Georgia campaign Allied victory New Georgia Islands Douglas MacArthur, Oscar Griswold, Hisaichi Terauchi
July 5 – August 23, 1943
Battle of Kursk Soviet victory Kursk Adolf Hitler, Joseph Stalin, Erich von Manstein
July 9, 1943 – May 2, 1945
Italian campaign Allied victory Dwight D. Eisenhower, Benito Mussolini, Albert Kesselring
July 9 – August 17, 1943
Allied invasion of Sicily Allied victory Dwight D. Eisenhower, George S. Patton, Bernard Montgomery
July 10–12, 1943
Battle of Gela (1943) Allied victory George S. Patton, Alfredo Guzzoni, Henry Kent Hewitt
July 12, 1943
Battle of Prokhorovka Prokhorovka, Belgorod Oblast Nikolai Vatutin, Paul Hausser, Aleksey Zhadov
July 12, 1943
Operation Chestnut British failure
July 13 – August 8, 1943
Operation Hermann Inconclusive
August 1943 – August 23, 1943
Belgorod–Kharkov offensive operation Soviet victory Kharkiv Erich von Manstein, Georgy Zhukov, Nikolai Vatutin
August 2–4, 1943
Battle of Centuripe British victory Centuripe
August 6–7, 1943
Battle of Vella Gulf American victory Vella Gulf
August 7 – October 2, 1943
Smolensk operation Soviet victory Smolensk Günther von Kluge, Vasily Sokolovsky, Andrey Yeryomenko
August 15, 1943
Operation Cottage Allied victory Kiska
August 15 – October 9, 1943
Battle of Vella Lavella (land) Allied victory Vella Lavella Oscar Griswold, Theodore Stark Wilkinson
August 17, 1943
Schweinfurt–Regensburg mission German victory
August 21, 1943
Bombing of Wewak Allied victory Wewak George Kenney
September 1943
Foibe massacres Julian March
September 3–16, 1943
Allied invasion of Italy Allied victory Dwight D. Eisenhower, Bernard Montgomery, Albert Kesselring
September 3, 1943
Armistice of Cassibile Cassibile Pietro Badoglio
September 8, 1943
Operation Zitronella German victory Spitsbergen
September 19, 1943 – April 24, 1944
Markham, Ramu and Finisterre campaigns Allied victory Finisterre Range
September 21–26, 1943
Massacre of the Acqui Division Cephalonia
September 22, 1943
Operation Source Allied partial success Altafjord
September 22 – October 24, 1943
Battle of Finschhafen Allied victory Finschhafen Hatazō Adachi
October 18, 1943 – April 17, 1944
Bombing of Bulgaria in World War II Jimmy Doolittle
October 31 – December 11, 1943
Kerch–Eltigen operation
November 1, 1943 – August 21, 1945
Bougainville campaign Allied victory Bougainville Island Douglas MacArthur, Alexander Vandegrift, Oscar Griswold
November 1–2, 1943
Battle of Empress Augusta Bay American victory Empress Augusta Bay
November 5, 1943
Bombing of the Vatican Allied victory Vatican City Albert Kesselring, Arthur Harris, Jimmy Doolittle
November 20–23, 1943
Battle of Tarawa Allied victory Tarawa Raymond A. Spruance, Richmond K. Turner, Harry W. Hill
November 25, 1943
Battle of Cape St. George American victory
November 28 – December 1, 1943
Tehran Conference Tehran Franklin D. Roosevelt, Joseph Stalin, Winston Churchill
December 5, 1943 – March 1, 1944
Battle of Sio Allied victory Sio Douglas MacArthur, Leslie Morshead, Hatazō Adachi
December 15, 1943 – April 22, 1944
Operation Dexterity Allied victory Douglas MacArthur, Walter Krueger
December 26, 1943
Battle of the North Cape Allied victory North Cape
December 26, 1943 – April 22, 1944
Battle of Cape Gloucester Allied victory Cape Gloucester William H. Rupertus
1944
Bombing of Bucharest in World War II
January 4, 1944
Operation Tempest Second Polish Republic
January 17 – May 18, 1944
Battle of Monte Cassino Allied victory Monte Cassino Albert Kesselring, Harold Alexander, Mark W. Clark
January 22 – June 4, 1944
Battle of Anzio Allied victory Anzio Albert Kesselring, Harold Alexander, Mark W. Clark
January 24 – February 17, 1944
Battle of Korsun–Cherkassy Soviet victory Cherkasy Erich von Manstein, Georgy Zhukov, Nikolai Vatutin
February 17–18, 1944
Operation Hailstone American victory Marc Mitscher, Masami Kobayashi
February 17–23, 1944
Battle of Eniwetok American victory Enewetak Atoll Harry W. Hill, John T. Walker, Thomas E. Watson
February 18, 1944
Operation Jericho Resistance and other prisoners escaped France
February 20–25, 1944
Big Week Nazi Germany Hermann Göring, Jimmy Doolittle
March 9, 1944
Battle of Talasea Allied victory New Britain Oliver P. Smith, William H. Rupertus
March 30–31, 1944
Operation Desecrate One American victory
April 3, 1944
Operation Tungsten British victory Kåfjorden
April 4 – June 22, 1944
Battle of Kohima Allied victory Montagu Stopford, Kōtoku Satō
April 28, 1944
Exercise Tiger
May 21, 1944
Battle of Wakde American victory Wakde
May 25 – June 6, 1944
Operation Rösselsprung (1944) German failure Drvar Josip Broz Tito, Lothar Rendulic, Otto Kumm
June 6 – August 30, 1944
Operation Overlord Allied victory Dwight D. Eisenhower, Adolf Hitler, Omar Bradley
June 6–30, 1944
Battle of Cherbourg Allied victory Cherbourg Matthew Ridgway, J. Lawton Collins
June 11, 1944
Battle of Le Mesnil-Patry German victory Le Mesnil-Patry
June 13, 1944
Battle of Villers-Bocage Villers-Bocage George Erskine, William Hinde, Fritz Bayerlein
June 15 – July 9, 1944
Battle of Saipan American victory Saipan Chester W. Nimitz, Raymond A. Spruance, Chūichi Nagumo
June 19–20, 1944
Battle of the Philippine Sea American victory Philippine Sea Raymond A. Spruance, Marc Mitscher, Jisaburō Ozawa
June 22 – August 19, 1944
Operation Bagration Soviet victory Operation Bagration Georgy Zhukov, Walter Model, Konstantin Rokossovsky
July 2 – August 31, 1944
Battle of Noemfoor Allied victory Netherlands New Guinea Walter Krueger, Frederick Scherger
July 13 – August 29, 1944
Lvov–Sandomierz offensive Soviet victory Ivan Konev, Josef Harpe, Erhard Raus
July 19–25, 1944
Battle of Verrières Ridge German defensive victory Caen Günther von Kluge, Guy Simonds, Sepp Dietrich
July 20, 1944
20 July plot Wolf's Lair, East Prussia Adolf Hitler, Claus von Stauffenberg, Ludwig Beck
July 24 – August 1, 1944
Battle of Tinian American victory Tinian Clifton Bledsoe Cates, Thomas E. Watson
July 24, 1944
Battle of Saint-Lô Allied victory Saint-Lô Paul Hausser, Leland Hobbs
July 25–31, 1944
Operation Cobra Allied victory Cotentin Peninsula Omar Bradley, Bernard Montgomery, Günther von Kluge
July 30 – August 31, 1944
Battle of Sansapor Allied victory Netherlands New Guinea Franklin C. Sibert
August 1 – October 2, 1944
Warsaw Uprising German victory Warsaw Adolf Hitler, Tadeusz Bór-Komorowski, Walter Model
August 7–13, 1944
Operation Lüttich Allied victory Mortain Omar Bradley, George S. Patton, Günther von Kluge
August 10, 1944
Battle of Guam (1944) American victory Guam Roy Geiger, Hideyoshi Obata
August 15 – September 14, 1944
Operation Dragoon Allied victory Operation Dragoon Jean de Lattre de Tassigny, Jacob L. Devers, Alexander M. Patch
August 18–20, 1944
Battle of Chambois Allied victory Chambois George S. Patton, Walter Model, Harry Crerar
August 20–29, 1944
Second Jassy–Kishinev offensive Soviet victory Iași Adolf Hitler, Joseph Stalin, Rodion Malinovsky
August 21–28, 1944
Battle of Marseille Allied victory Marseille
August 25, 1944 – March 7, 1945
Allied advance from Paris to the Rhine Allied victory Northeastern France Dwight D. Eisenhower, Omar Bradley, Gerd von Rundstedt
August 29 – October 28, 1944
Slovak National Uprising Slovak Republic
August 29, 1944
Operation Goodwood (naval) German victory Kåfjorden
September 1, 1944 – March 19, 1945
Lorraine campaign Allied victory George S. Patton, Johannes Blaskowitz, Hermann Balck
September 1944 – May 1945
Allied siege of La Rochelle German surrender La Rochelle
September 2, 1944 – February 4, 1945
Liberation of Belgium Allied victory Adolf Hitler, Omar Bradley, Bernard Montgomery
September 5–15, 1944
Battle of Nancy (1944) American victory Lorraine
September 11, 1944
Air battle over the Ore Mountains
September 14, 1944 – February 10, 1945
Battle of Hürtgen Forest German victory Hürtgen Forest Omar Bradley, Courtney Hodges, Walter Model
September 15, 1944 – April 25, 1945
Lapland War Finnish victory Lapland Lothar Rendulic
September 15 – October 22, 1944
Battle of Angaur American victory Angaur Sadae Inoue, Paul J. Mueller
September 15, 1944
Operation Paravane British victory Kåfjorden
September 17–25, 1944
Operation Market Garden Market Garden Dwight D. Eisenhower, Bernard Montgomery, Miles Dempsey
September 18, 1944
Bombing of Belgrade (1944) Kingdom of Yugoslavia
September 18–29, 1944
Battle of Arracourt American victory Arracourt George S. Patton, Creighton Abrams
September 21, 1944
Battle of Porkuni Soviet victory Porkuni
September 27 – December 13, 1944
Battle of Metz American victory Metz, France George S. Patton, Otto von Knobelsdorff
September 30 – October 18, 1944
Battle of Overloon Allied victory Overloon Kurt Student
October 2–21, 1944
Battle of Aachen American victory Aachen, Germany Gerd von Rundstedt, Courtney Hodges, Walter Model
October 2 – November 8, 1944
Battle of the Scheldt Allied victory Scheldt Bernard Montgomery, Harry Crerar, Guy Simonds
October 6–29, 1944
Battle of Debrecen Inconclusive Rodion Malinovsky, Johannes Frießner, Maximilian Fretter-Pico
October 7–31, 1944
Petsamo–Kirkenes offensive Soviet victory Arctic Kirill Meretskov, Lothar Rendulic, Vladimir Shcherbakov
October 8, 1944
Battle of Tehumardi Tehumardi
October 9, 1944 – May 10, 1945
Courland Pocket Free German/Soviet victory Courland Ferdinand Schörner, Lothar Rendulic, Heinrich von Vietinghoff
October 15–23, 1944
Battle of Vukov Klanac Partisan victory
October 21, 1944
Battle of Carei Romanian victory De facto abrogation of the Second Vienna Award
October 23–26, 1944
Battle of Leyte Gulf Allied victory Leyte Gulf, Philippines Jisaburō Ozawa, Takeo Kurita, William Halsey Jr.
October 26–30, 1944
Rescue of the Lost Battalion American victory Vosges mountains, France Daniel Inouye, John Ernest Dahlquist
November 1944 – February 1945
Colmar Pocket Allied victory Colmar Jean de Lattre de Tassigny, Paul Hausser, Jacob L. Devers
November 1944 – August 1945
Aitape–Wewak campaign Allied victory Hatazō Adachi
November 10–22, 1944
Operation Clipper Allied victory Geilenkirchen
November 16 – December 16, 1944
Operation Queen German defensive victory Rur Dwight D. Eisenhower, Omar Bradley, Gerd von Rundstedt
November 23, 1944
Liberation of Strasbourg Allied victory Strasbourg
December 1944 – April 1945
Battle of Wide Bay–Open Bay Allied victory Wide Bay Hitoshi Imamura
December 3, 1944 – January 11, 1945
Dekemvriana Kingdom of Greece victory Athens Winston Churchill, Nikolaos Plastiras, Archbishop Damaskinos Papandreou
December 16, 1944 – January 25, 1945
Battle of the Bulge Allied victory Ardennes, Belgium Dwight D. Eisenhower, Adolf Hitler, Omar Bradley
December 16, 1944
Operation Greif
December 26, 1944 – February 13, 1945
Siege of Budapest Soviet victory Budapest Rodion Malinovsky, Karl Pfeffer-Wildenbruch, Gerhard Schmidhuber
December 26, 1944
Battle of Elsenborn Ridge American victory Elsenborn Omar Bradley, Sepp Dietrich
January 1, 1945
Operation Bodenplatte Belgium Hoyt Vandenberg, Arthur Coningham, Jimmy Doolittle
January 12 – February 2, 1945
Vistula–Oder offensive Soviet victory Georgy Zhukov, Ivan Konev, Ferdinand Schörner
January 13 – April 25, 1945
East Prussian offensive Soviet victory Kaliningrad Konstantin Rokossovsky, Aleksandr Vasilevsky, Georg-Hans Reinhardt
January 24 – February 23, 1945
Battle of Poznań (1945) Allied victory Poznań Vasily Chuikov, Mikhail Katukov
January 30, 1945
Raid at Cabanatuan Allied victory Cabanatuan Japanese POW camp
January 31 – February 21, 1945
Battle of Bataan (1945) Allied victory
February 3 – March 3, 1945
Battle of Manila (1945) Allied victory Manila Akira Mutō, Douglas MacArthur, Sanji Iwabuchi
February 4–11, 1945
Yalta Conference Livadia Palace, Yalta Franklin D. Roosevelt, Joseph Stalin, Winston Churchill
February 8–24, 1945
Lower Silesian offensive Soviet victory Lower Silesia Ivan Konev, Ferdinand Schörner
February 8 – March 11, 1945
Operation Veritable Allied victory Klever Reichswald Bernard Montgomery, Harry Crerar, Alfred Schlemm
February 9, 1945
Black Friday (1945) German victory Førde Fjord
February 13–15, 1945
Bombing of Dresden Dresden Arthur Harris
February 16–26, 1945
Battle of Corregidor (1945) American victory Corregidor
February 19 – March 26, 1945
Battle of Iwo Jima American victory Iwo Jima Chester W. Nimitz, Raymond A. Spruance, Marc Mitscher
February 23, 1945
Raid on Los Baños Allied victory Los Baños Internment Camp
February 24 – April 4, 1945
East Pomeranian offensive Soviet victory Konstantin Rokossovsky, Walter Weiß, Dietrich von Saucken
March 1, 1945
Battle of Schoenfeld Polish victory Żeńsko
March 3, 1945
Bombing of the Bezuidenhout The Hague
March 6–16, 1945
Operation Spring Awakening Allied victory Lake Balaton Rodion Malinovsky, Maximilian von Weichs, Fyodor Ivanovich Tolbukhin
March 15–31, 1945
Upper Silesian offensive Soviet victory Europe Ivan Konev, Ferdinand Schörner
March 21, 1945
Operation Carthage British victory Copenhagen
March 22 – May 8, 1945
Western Allied invasion of Germany Allied victory Western Germany Dwight D. Eisenhower, Omar Bradley, George S. Patton
April 1 – June 22, 1945
Battle of Okinawa Allied victory Okinawa Chester W. Nimitz, Raymond A. Spruance, Isamu Chō
April 1945 – May 1945
Operation Teardrop Allied victory Atlantic Ocean
April 2–13, 1945
Vienna offensive Allied victory Vienna Baldur von Schirach, Fyodor Ivanovich Tolbukhin, Rudolf von Bünau
April 6–9, 1945
Battle of Königsberg Soviet victory Königsberg Aleksandr Vasilevsky, Ivan Bagramyan
April 14–18, 1945
Battle of Groningen Canadian-Dutch victory Groningen
April 14, 1945
Bombing of Potsdam
April 16 – May 2, 1945
Battle of Berlin Soviet victory Battle of Berlin Adolf Hitler, Joseph Stalin, Georgy Zhukov
April 16–19, 1945
Battle of the Seelow Heights Soviet victory Seelow Georgy Zhukov, Ivan Konev, Gotthard Heinrici
April 19 – May 25, 1945
Battle of Odžak Partisan victory Odžak
April 24 – May 1, 1945
Battle of Halbe Soviet victory Halbe Georgy Zhukov, Ivan Konev
April 25, 1945
Bombing of Obersalzberg Allied victory Obersalzberg
April 28, 1945
Operation Cowboy Allied success Hostouň
May 5, 1945
Battle of Castle Itter Allied victory Itter Castle Kurt Siegfried Schrader, Josef Gangl
May 6–11, 1945
Prague offensive Allied victory Prague Rodion Malinovsky, Ivan Konev, Ferdinand Schörner
May 7, 1945
Battle of Kuryłówka Polish victory Kuryłówka
May 9–15, 1945
Battle of Poljana Yugoslav victory Municipality of Prevalje Alexander Löhr
May 9, 1945 – August 1945
Operation Doomsday Peaceful occupation Norway
May 11–12, 1945
Battle of Slivice Allied victory Čimelice
July 17 – August 2, 1945
Potsdam Conference Cecilienhof, Potsdam Joseph Stalin, Harry S. Truman, Winston Churchill
July 19, 1945
Bombing of Okazaki in World War II Okazaki
July 22–23, 1945
Battle of Sagami Bay American victory
August 6–9, 1945
Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki Hiroshima · Nagasaki Harry S. Truman, J. Robert Oppenheimer, Enrico Fermi
August 17, 1945
Seishin Operation Soviet victory
August 28, 1945
Operation Jurist British victory Penang
September 2, 1945
Surrender of Japan Hirohito, Chester W. Nimitz, Yoshijirō Umezu

Key commanders

Soviet Union and allies 1

Semyon Timoshenko military commander

Japan 1

Shōji Nishimura military commander

United Kingdom 5

Winston Churchill belligerent leader George VI military commander Hugh Dowding military commander Andrew Cunningham, 1st Viscount Cunningham of Hyndhope military commander James Somerville military commander

National Liberation Movement 3

Haxhi Lleshi military commander Enver Hoxha military commander Mehmet Shehu military commander

Canada 3

Lord Mountbatten military commander Trafford Leigh-Mallory military commander John Hamilton Roberts military commander

Nazi Germany 6

Gerd von Rundstedt military commander Konrad Haase military commander Adolf Hitler belligerent leader Hermann Göring military commander Albert Kesselring military commander Hugo Sperrle military commander

Denmark 3

Thorvald Stauning belligerent leader Christian X of Denmark military commander William Wain Prior military commander

Yugoslav Partisans 1

Josip Broz Tito military commander

Vichy France 1

Jean Decoux military commander

Thailand 3

Plaek Phibunsongkhram belligerent leader Sindh Kamalanavin military commander Phichit Kriangsakphichit military commander

Pahlavi Iran 1

Reza Shah military commander

Allies of World War II 27

Joseph Stalin belligerent leader Rodion Malinovsky belligerent leader Semyon Timoshenko belligerent leader Kliment Voroshilov belligerent leader Kimon Georgiev belligerent leader Constantin Sănătescu belligerent leader Nicolae Rădescu belligerent leader Bolesław Bierut belligerent leader Michael I of Romania belligerent leader Georgy Zhukov belligerent leader Konstantin Rokossovsky belligerent leader Nikolai Vatutin belligerent leader Ivan Konev belligerent leader Semyon Budyonny belligerent leader Aleksandr Vasilevsky belligerent leader Vasily Sokolovsky belligerent leader Fyodor Ivanovich Tolbukhin belligerent leader Lavrentiy Beria belligerent leader Markian Popov belligerent leader Boris Shaposhnikov military commander Dwight D. Eisenhower military commander Archibald Wavell military commander Bernard Montgomery military commander Harold Alexander military commander Claude Auchinleck military commander Alan Cunningham military commander Neil Ritchie military commander

Axis powers 38

Adolf Hitler belligerent leader Benito Mussolini belligerent leader Hermann Göring belligerent leader Heinrich Himmler belligerent leader Karl Dönitz belligerent leader Wilhelm Keitel belligerent leader Alfred Jodl belligerent leader Erich Raeder belligerent leader Erich von Manstein belligerent leader Gerd von Rundstedt belligerent leader Risto Ryti belligerent leader Carl Gustaf Emil Mannerheim belligerent leader Ferenc Szálasi belligerent leader Ion Antonescu belligerent leader Jozef Tiso belligerent leader Fedor von Bock belligerent leader Wilhelm Ritter von Leeb belligerent leader Franz Halder belligerent leader Walter Model belligerent leader Günther von Kluge belligerent leader Ferdinand Schörner belligerent leader Walther von Brauchitsch belligerent leader Maximilian von Weichs belligerent leader Wilhelm List belligerent leader Lothar Rendulic belligerent leader Kurt Zeitzler military commander Erwin Rommel military commander Albert Kesselring military commander Rodolfo Graziani military commander Hans-Jürgen von Arnim military commander Giovanni Messe military commander Georg Stumme military commander François Darlan military commander Italo Balbo military commander Ugo Cavallero military commander Vittorio Ambrosio military commander Italo Gariboldi military commander Ettore Bastico military commander

Germany 1

Lothar Rendulic belligerent leader

Kingdom of Iceland 3

Björn Þórðarson military commander Hermann Jónasson belligerent leader Ólafur Thors military commander

United States 3

Daniel Inouye participant John Ernest Dahlquist military commander Thomas Cassin Kinkaid military commander

Finland and Germany 7

Risto Ryti belligerent leader Carl Gustaf Emil Mannerheim military commander Lothar Rendulic belligerent leader Nikolaus von Falkenhorst military commander Eduard Dietl military commander Aksel Airo military commander Karl Lennart Oesch military commander

Soviet Union 7

Joseph Stalin belligerent leader Kirill Meretskov belligerent leader Markian Popov belligerent leader Valerian Frolov belligerent leader Leonid Govorov military commander William Slim, 1st Viscount Slim military commander Dmitry Timofeyevich Kozlov military commander

Axis 177

Adolf Hitler Führer, Germany Hirohito Emperor, Japan Benito Mussolini Prime Minister, Italy Hermann Göring Luftwaffe Reichsmarschall, Germany Isoroku Yamamoto Heinrich Himmler Reichsführer-SS, Nazi Germany Karl Dönitz Grand Admiral, Commander-in-Chief of the Kriegsmarine Wilhelm Keitel Doihara Kenji Yoshijirō Umezu military commander Emilio De Bono Hideki Tojo Erwin Rommel Field Marshal, Commander of the Afrika Korps and Army Group B Joachim von Ribbentrop Foreign Minister, Nazi Germany Chūichi Nagumo military commander Nobutake Kondō military commander Alfred Jodl Gerd von Rundstedt Field Marshal, Commander of Army Group South (drive into Ukraine) Carl Gustaf Emil Mannerheim military commander Ion Antonescu military commander Fedor von Bock Field Marshal, Commander of Army Group Center (drive on Moscow) Wilhelm Ritter von Leeb Field Marshal, Commander of Army Group North (drive on Leningrad) Franz Halder General, Chief of the Army General Staff (OKH); directed Barbarossa planning Walther von Brauchitsch military commander Albert Kesselring military commander Günther von Kluge military commander Hugo Sperrle Field Marshal, Commander of Luftflotte 3 Maximilian von Weichs military commander Wilhelm List military commander Vittorio Ambrosio military commander Paul Ludwig Ewald von Kleist military commander Joseph Stalin Ordered Soviet Invasion Semyon Timoshenko Commanded the Ukrainian Front in the Soviet invasion Johannes Blaskowitz military commander Georg von Küchler military commander Erich von Manstein Field Marshal, Commander of Army Group South (southern pincer) Walter Model Field Marshal, Commander of the 9th Army (northern pincer) Wolfram von Richthofen military commander Walter Weiß military commander Kurt Zeitzler military commander Shigeyoshi Inoue military commander Harukichi Hyakutake military commander Jinichi Kusaka military commander Hitoshi Imamura military commander Paul Hausser military commander Sepp Dietrich military commander Friedrich Köchling military commander Gerhard von Schwerin belligerent leader Otto von Knobelsdorff military commander Jisaburō Ozawa military commander Takeo Kurita military commander Takeo Takagi military commander Tadamichi Kuribayashi military commander Takeichi Nishi military commander Akira Mutō military commander Sanji Iwabuchi military commander Tomoyuki Yamashita military commander Shizuo Yokoyama military commander Soemu Toyoda military commander Shōji Nishimura military commander Eberhard von Mackensen military commander Hermann Hoth military commander Friedrich Paulus military commander Mamoru Shigemitsu signatory, signed for the Japanese government Erich Raeder military commander Hans-Georg von Friedeburg military commander Nikolaus von Falkenhorst military commander Leonhard Kaupisch military commander Eduard Dietl military commander Gastone Gambara military commander Kurt Student military commander Walter Koch military commander Francesco Mimbelli military commander Heinrich von Vietinghoff military commander Fridolin von Senger und Etterlin military commander Alfred Schlemm military commander Traugott Herr military commander Georg-Hans Reinhardt military commander Ernst Busch military commander Hans Jordan military commander Nikolaus von Vormann military commander Friedrich Wiese military commander Gotthard Heinrici military commander Ferdinand Schörner military commander Alphonse Juin military commander Charles Noguès military commander Heitarō Kimura military commander Subhas Chandra Bose military commander Masakazu Kawabe military commander Renya Mutaguchi military commander Shōjirō Iida military commander Tomitarō Horii military commander Keiji Shibazaki military commander Hideyoshi Obata military commander Yoshitsugu Saitō military commander Isamu Chō military commander Mitsuru Ushijima military commander Seiichi Itō military commander Hiromichi Yahara military commander Rodolfo Graziani Marshal, Commander of the Italian 10th Army Annibale Bergonzoli military commander Giuseppe Tellera military commander Sebastiano Gallina military commander Hans-Jürgen von Arnim General, Commander of Army Group Africa from 9 March 1943; surrendered 12 May 1943 Giovanni Messe Marshal, Commander of the Italian First Army Erich von dem Bach-Zelewski SS-Obergruppenführer, Commanded the German forces suppressing the uprising Reiner Stahel military commander Georg Stumme military commander Italo Balbo belligerent leader Ugo Cavallero belligerent leader Italo Gariboldi military commander Curio Barbasetti di Prun military commander Ettore Bastico military commander Friedrich Schulz military commander Chūichi Hara military commander Hiroaki Abe military commander Masami Kobayashi military commander Takurō Matsui military commander Takuma Nishimura military commander Kōtoku Satō military commander Alfredo Guzzoni military commander Josef Harpe military commander Erhard Raus military commander Walther Nehring military commander Otto Deßloch military commander Johannes Frießner military commander Maximilian Fretter-Pico military commander Ilie Șteflea military commander Petre Dumitrescu military commander Otto Wöhler military commander Karl Pfeffer-Wildenbruch military commander Gerhard Schmidhuber military commander Dezső László military commander Friedrich Hoßbach military commander Lothar Rendulic military commander Dietrich von Saucken military commander Baldur von Schirach military commander Rudolf von Bünau military commander Friedrich Altrichter military commander Nicolae Ciupercă military commander Filipp Golikov military commander Walter von Reichenau military commander Heinz Guderian military commander Adolf Strauss military commander Sadae Inoue military commander Friedrich-Georg Eberhardt military commander Armand Annet military commander Ishizaki Noboru military commander Otto Kumm military commander Ernst von Leyser military commander Hermann Balck military commander Maximilian de Angelis military commander Pietro Badoglio military commander Ludwig Crüwell military commander Ettore Baldassarre military commander Hermann Breith military commander Fritz Bayerlein military commander Victor Emmanuel III of Italy belligerent leader Maliq Bushati belligerent leader Ibrahim Biçakçiu belligerent leader Rexhep Mitrovica belligerent leader Shefqet Vërlaci belligerent leader Mehdi Frashëri belligerent leader Francesco Jacomoni military commander Giuseppe De Stefanis military commander Mineichi Koga military commander Hans Graf von Sponeck military commander Carl-Heinrich von Stülpnagel military commander Werner Kempf military commander Bogdan Filov belligerent leader Philippe Pétain military commander Miklós Horthy military commander Ferenc Szálasi military commander Hisaichi Terauchi military commander Alexander Löhr military commander Prince Amedeo, 3rd Duke of Aosta military commander Hatazō Adachi military commander

Allies 202

Dwight D. Eisenhower Supreme Allied Commander, Allied Expeditionary Force Franklin D. Roosevelt President, United States Joseph Stalin Gen Secretary of Communist Party, Soviet Union Chiang Kai-shek Nikita Khrushchev Commissar, Soviet Union Winston Churchill Prime Minister, United Kingdom Chester W. Nimitz Rodion Malinovsky Semyon Timoshenko Kliment Voroshilov Douglas MacArthur military commander George C. Marshall Chief of Staff of the Army, United States Omar Bradley Georgy Zhukov Marshal of the Soviet Union, Soviet Union Bernard Montgomery Field Marshal, Commander of the British Eighth Army and 21st Army Group Josip Broz Tito Commander, Yugoslav Partisans, Led the communist Partisans who liberated most of Yugoslavia Husband E. Kimmel military commander Walter Short military commander Raymond A. Spruance military commander Frank Jack Fletcher military commander Ivan Konev military commander Markian Popov military commander Fyodor Kuznetsov military commander Konstantin Rokossovsky military commander Semyon Budyonny military commander Aleksandr Vasilevsky military commander Boris Shaposhnikov military commander Hugh Dowding Air Chief Marshal, Air Officer Commanding-in-Chief, RAF Fighter Command Keith Park military commander Trafford Leigh-Mallory military commander Maxime Weygand General, Allied supreme commander, 19 May - 22 June 1940 Maurice Gamelin General, Allied commander-in-chief until his dismissal on 19 May 1940 John Vereker, 6th Viscount Gort General, Commander-in-chief of the British Expeditionary Force; organized the Dunkirk evacuation Leopold III of Belgium military commander Georges Blanchard military commander Gaston Billotte military commander Dušan Simović military commander Danilo Kalafatović military commander Milorad Petrović military commander Neville Chamberlain Declared war, British Prime Minister Edward Rydz-Śmigły military commander Tadeusz Kasprzycki military commander Wacław Stachiewicz military commander Nikolai Vatutin Army General, Commander of the Voronezh Front (southern sector) Vasily Sokolovsky military commander Ivan Bagramyan military commander Alexander Vandegrift military commander Robert L. Ghormley belligerent leader William Halsey Jr. military commander Alexander M. Patch military commander George S. Patton military commander Miles Dempsey Lieutenant General, Commander of the British Second Army Harry Crerar military commander Courtney Hodges military commander Brian Horrocks military commander Jean-Marie Charles Abrial René Prioux military commander Bertram Home Ramsay military commander Clarence R. Huebner belligerent leader Leland Hobbs military commander Marc Mitscher military commander William H. P. Blandy military commander Oscar Griswold military commander Robert S. Beightler military commander Thomas Cassin Kinkaid military commander Clifton Sprague military commander Harry S. Truman President of the United States, Ordered the atomic bombings Paul Tibbets participant, piloted the Enola Gay over Hiroshima Fyodor Ivanovich Tolbukhin military commander Vasily Chuikov military commander Andrey Yeryomenko military commander Kuzma Derevyanko signatory, signed for the Soviet Union Leonard W. Murray military commander Dudley Pound military commander Andrew Cunningham, 1st Viscount Cunningham of Hyndhope military commander Kristian Laake military commander Otto Ruge military commander Carl Gustav Fleischer military commander William Wain Prior military commander William Boyle, 12th Earl of Cork military commander Leslie Morshead military commander Ronald Scobie military commander Bernard Freyberg, 1st Baron Freyberg military commander Robert Laycock military commander Kirill Meretskov military commander Harold Alexander military commander Mark W. Clark military commander Oliver Leese military commander Lucian Truscott military commander John P. Lucas military commander Jean de Lattre de Tassigny military commander Jacob L. Devers military commander Henry Kent Hewitt military commander Maxwell D. Taylor military commander Lewis Hyde Brereton military commander François Darlan military commander William Slim, 1st Viscount Slim military commander Lord Mountbatten military commander Archibald Wavell military commander Du Yuming military commander Joseph Stilwell military commander Wei Lihuang military commander George Giffard military commander Basil Morris military commander Thomas Blamey military commander Richmond K. Turner military commander Harry W. Hill military commander Roy Geiger military commander Simon Bolivar Buckner Jr. military commander Richard O'Connor Lieutenant General, Field commander of the Western Desert Force Henry Maitland Wilson, 1st Baron Wilson military commander Alphonse Juin military commander Henri Giraud military commander Tadeusz Bór-Komorowski General, Commander-in-chief of the Polish Home Army; ordered the uprising Tadeusz Pełczyński belligerent leader Antoni Chruściel belligerent leader Claude Auchinleck military commander Alan Cunningham military commander Neil Ritchie military commander Arthur Percival military commander Gordon Bennett military commander Montagu Stopford military commander Pavel Rybalko military commander Mikhail Katukov military commander Kirill Moskalenko military commander Constantin Sănătescu military commander Michael I of Romania military commander Filipp Oktyabrsky military commander Issa Pliyev military commander Nicolae Macici military commander Gheorghe Avramescu military commander Stanislav Poplavsky military commander Vladimir Stoychev military commander Karol Świerczewski military commander James Somerville military commander Lancelot Holland military commander Ivan Yefimovich Petrov military commander Andrei Grechko military commander Anton Lopatin military commander Filipp Golikov military commander Mikhail Kirponos military commander Charles de Gaulle military commander John Cunningham military commander Paul J. Mueller military commander Nikolaos Plastiras military commander Archbishop Damaskinos Papandreou military commander Georgios Papandreou belligerent leader Harold Franklyn military commander Yakov Cherevichenko military commander Robert Sturges military commander Edward Neville Syfret military commander Matthew Ridgway military commander J. Lawton Collins military commander Nikolai Alexandrovich Gagen military commander Nikanor Zakhvatayev military commander Carleton H. Wright military commander Mahlon Tisdale military commander Laurence A. Abercrombie military commander Guy Gibson military commander Guy Simonds military commander Kurt Siegfried Schrader military commander Josef Gangl military commander Alexandros Papagos military commander Ioannis Metaxas military commander Willoughby Norrie, 1st Baron Norrie military commander William Gott military commander Aleksey Zhadov military commander Pavel Rotmistrov military commander George Erskine military commander William Hinde military commander Vladimir Shcherbakov military commander W.C.D. Veale military commander Alexander Spence military commander William Leggatt military commander Dimitri Amilakhvari military commander Marie-Pierre Kœnig military commander Theodore Stark Wilkinson military commander John T. Walker military commander Thomas E. Watson military commander Leonid Govorov military commander Godfried van Voorst tot Voorst military commander Henri Winkelman military commander Ivan Tyulenev military commander Norman Scott military commander Robert St Vincent Sherbrooke military commander Robert Burnett military commander Hoyt Vandenberg military commander Arthur Coningham military commander Jimmy Doolittle military commander Hubert Pierlot belligerent leader Clifton Bledsoe Cates military commander Édouard Daladier belligerent leader William Platt military commander William H. Rupertus military commander Oliver P. Smith military commander Viktor Tsyganov military commander Creighton Abrams military commander Walter Krueger military commander Franklin C. Sibert military commander George Kenney military commander Arthur Harris military commander Frederick Scherger military commander

Other 9

Claus von Stauffenberg lead conspirator Ludwig Beck perpetrator Kurt Daluege Perpetrator Karl Hermann Frank perpetrator J. Robert Oppenheimer scientist, Directed the Los Alamos laboratory that built the bombs Enrico Fermi scientist, Manhattan Project physicist; built the first reactor Clement Attlee Prime Minister (from 28 July) John von Neumann designer of the implosion explosive lenses Reinhard Heydrich coordinator (as head of the security police)