Benito Mussolini

July 29, 1883 – April 28, 1945

Benito Amilcare Andrea Mussolini (1883–1945) was an Italian politician, journalist, and dictator who led the Kingdom of Italy as a fascist dictatorship from 1922 until his overthrow in 1943. He founded fascism in 1919 with the creation of the Fasci Italiani di Combattimento and was appointed Prime Minister of Italy after the 1922 March on Rome. He oversaw Italy's participation in World War II as a leading member of the Axis Powers and was executed by the Italian resistance near the end of the war.

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Biography

Benito Mussolini was born in 1883 in the Romagna region of Italy, the son of a socialist blacksmith. He became a socialist journalist and editor of the party paper, but was expelled in 1914 for supporting Italy's entry into the First World War.

In 1919 he founded the Fascist movement. After the March on Rome in October 1922 the king made him prime minister, and by 1925 he had made himself dictator, Il Duce. He suppressed opposition and signed the Lateran Treaty with the Pope in 1929.

He conquered Ethiopia in 1935–36, intervened in the Spanish Civil War and allied with Hitler. Italy entered the Second World War in June 1940 and suffered defeats in Greece and Africa. After the Allied invasion of Sicily he was deposed in July 1943, then rescued by the Germans to lead a puppet state in northern Italy. Partisans shot him in April 1945.