✦ History

Revolutions of 1848

January 12, 1848 – October 4, 1849

Wave of liberal and national revolutions across Europe. Most were crushed, but they ended the French monarchy, serfdom in Austria and Metternich's career.

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Battles and events 3

1848 – October 4, 1849
Hungarian Revolution of 1848 Kingdom of Hungary Franz Joseph I of Austria, Nicholas I of Russia, Ferdinand I of Austria
1848
German revolutions of 1848–1849 German Confederation
February 22 – December 2, 1848
French Revolution of 1848 July Monarchy

Key commanders

Austrian Empire 4

Franz Joseph I of Austria belligerent leader Nicholas I of Russia belligerent leader Ferdinand I of Austria belligerent leader Ivan Paskevich belligerent leader

Kingdom of Hungary 2

Lajos Kossuth belligerent leader Lajos Batthyány belligerent leader

Other 4

Napoleon III Politician, Elected President of the French Republic in December 1848 Klemens von Metternich Chancellor of Austria, Forced to resign and flee in March 1848 Giuseppe Mazzini Revolutionary, Led the short-lived Roman Republic Louis Philippe I King of the French, Overthrown in February 1848