Scramble for Africa
1881 – 1914
Invasion, partition and colonisation of almost all of Africa by European powers. By 1914 only Ethiopia and Liberia were independent.
Battles and events 24
April 24 – December 23, 1881
1882 – 1898
July 11 – September 13, 1882
December 1883 – September 30, 1895
November 15, 1884 – February 26, 1885
February 26, 1885 – November 15, 1908
1888 – 1889
Abushiri revolt
German East Africa
February 21 – October 4, 1890
July 4, 1892 – January 15, 1894
August 27, 1896
Anglo-Zanzibar War
British victory
Zanzibar Archipelago
Khalid bin Barghash, Lloyd Mathews, Harry Rawson
December 4, 1896
February 9–21, 1897
September 18 – November 3, 1898
July 17, 1899 – August 23, 1901
1900 – 1920
March 1900 – September 30, 1900
November 1901
Anglo-Aro War
British victory
1904 – 1908
1904 – 1908
Herero and Nama uprising
German victory, systematic extermination of native peoples
German South-West Africa
Lothar von Trotha
July 1905 – August 1907
1906
Bambatha Rebellion
Colony of Natal
1906
Wadai War
French victory
August 24, 1911 – May 15, 1912
September 29, 1911 – October 18, 1912
Italo-Turkish War
Italian victory
Tripolitania vilayet
Mehmed V, Victor Emmanuel III of Italy, Mustafa Kemal Atatürk
Key commanders
Riffian people 1
Spain 2
Kanem-Bornu Empire 1
France 2
French Third Republic 1
Beylik of Tunis 2
Sultanate of Zanzibar 1
Kingdom of Dahomey 1
Italy 2
German Empire 1
British Empire 2
United Kingdom 3
Asante 2
Ottoman Empire 5
Britain and the Khedive 2
Merina Kingdom 2
Dahomey 1
Other 8
Otto von Bismarck
Chancellor of Germany, Hosted the conference
Leopold II of Belgium
King of the Belgians, Won recognition of the Congo Free State as his own
Cecil Rhodes
participant
Ahmed Urabi
Leader of the Egyptian nationalists
Herbert Kitchener, 1st Earl Kitchener
British commander
Jean-Baptiste Marchand
French commander
Samuel Maharero
Herero paramount chief
Kinjikitile Ngwale
Spirit medium who inspired the revolt