Soviet Union
State · 1922–1991 · Capital: Moscow
The Soviet Union, officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR), was a transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from its formation in 1922 until its dissolution in 1991; with Moscow as its capital, it was the world's third-most populous country and the largest by area. It grew out of the October Revolution of 1917, and following the Bolshevik victory in the Russian Civil War, the Russian SFSR and its subordinate republics were merged into the Soviet Union in 1922. The world's flagship communist state, it was governed by the Communist Party under Marxism-Leninism through soviet councils, with a centrally planned economy. In World War II it played a decisive role in defeating the Axis powers as part of the Allies, suffering around 27 million casualties, the most deaths of any country in the war; during the Cold War it emerged as a superpower competing with the United States for geopolitical dominance until its dissolution in 1991.
No office holders recorded on December 26, 1991.
Offices
| Office | Holders | Years |
|---|---|---|
| General Secretary of the Communist Party | 7 | 1922–1991 |
| President | 2 | 1990–1991 |
| Premier | 11 | 1917–1991 |
| Chairman of the State Defence Committee | 1 | 1941–1945 |
| People's Commissar for Nationalities | 1 | 1917–1923 |
| People's Commissar for Defence | 3 | 1934–1946 |
| Minister of the Armed Forces | 3 | 1946–1950 |
Relations
- Member of United Nations (1945–1991), Comecon (1949–1991), Warsaw Pact (1955–1991)
- Succeeded by: Russia (1991–), Ukraine (1991–), Belarus (1991–), Kazakhstan (1991–), Armenia (1991–), Azerbaijan (1991–), Georgia (1991–), Moldova (1991–), Kyrgyzstan (1991–), Uzbekistan (1991–), Tajikistan (1991–), Turkmenistan (1991–), Lithuania (1991–), Latvia (1991–), Estonia (1991–)
Military units
Red Army · 26th Rifle Division · 128th Mountain Assault Brigade · 76th Rifle Division · 18th Guards Assault Aviation Regiment · 76th Guards Air Assault Division · Belorussian Front (1939) · Ukrainian Front (1939) · Southwestern Front (Soviet Union) · Western Front (Soviet Union) · 24th Army (Soviet Union) · 291st Rifle Division · 8th Guards Motor Rifle Division · Front of the Reserve Armies · 31st Army (Soviet Union) · 34th Army (Soviet Union) · 41st Cavalry Division · 36th Army (Soviet Union) · 46th Army · 49th Combined Arms Army · Separate Coastal Army · Leningrad Front · 30th Mechanized Brigade (Ukraine) · Soviet Airborne Forces · Volkhov Front · Caucasus Front (Soviet Union) · Crimean Front · 10th NKVD Rifle Division · Moscow Air Defense Front · 41st Guards Combined Arms Army
Eras
Cold War (1947–1991) · Space Race (1955–1969) · Sino-Soviet split (1956–1966) · Perestroika (1985–1991)