Middle Eastern theatre of World War I
October 29, 1914 – October 30, 1918 · Central Asia, Middle East
Result Allied victory
The Ottoman Empire, backed by Germany, fought Britain, Russia and France across the Middle East, mainly in Sinai-Palestine, Mesopotamia, the Caucasus and Gallipoli. The Allies won, and the Ottoman Empire's Arab lands were lost.
Allies
Central Powers
Battles and events 33
Key events
-
Caucasus campaign November 2, 1914 – October 30, 1918
- Battle of Sarikamish December 22, 1914 – January 17, 1915 · Russian victory
- Battle of Ardahan December 25, 1914 – January 18, 1915 · Russian victory
- Battle of Manzikert (1915) 1915 · Ottoman victory
- Defense of Van (1915) April 19 – May 17, 1915 · Russo-Armenian victory
- Battle of Kara Killisse (1915) July 27–31, 1915 · Russian victory
- Erzurum offensive January 10 – February 16, 1916 · Russian victoryFull results
- Battle of Koprukoy January 10–19, 1916 · Russian victory
- Battle of Erzincan July 2–25, 1916 · Russian victory
- Armistice of Erzincan December 18, 1917
- Treaty of Brest-Litovsk March 3, 1918
- Trebizond Peace Conference March 14 – April 14, 1918
- Battle of Abaran May 21–29, 1918 · Armenian victory
- Battle of Karakilisa May 25–28, 1918 · Ottoman victory
- Treaty of Batum June 4, 1918
- Battle of Goychay July 1, 1918 · Ottoman–Azerbaijani victory
- German Caucasus expedition October 1918 · Inconclusive
-
Mesopotamian campaign November 6, 1914 – November 14, 1918 · Allied victory
- Fao Landing November 6, 1914 · British victory
- Battle of Basra (1914) November 11–22, 1914 · British victory
- Battle of Qurna December 3–9, 1914 · British-Indian victory
- Battle of Shaiba April 12–14, 1915 · British-Indian victory
- Battle of Es Sinn September 28, 1915 · British–Indian victory
- Battle of Ctesiphon (1915) November 22–25, 1915 · Inconclusive
- Siege of Kut December 7, 1915 – April 29, 1916 · Ottoman victory
- Battle of Sheikh Sa'ad January 6–8, 1916 · British-Indian victory
- Battle of Wadi (1916) January 13, 1916 · Ottoman victory
- Battle of Hanna January 21, 1916 · Ottoman victory
- Battle of Dujaila March 8, 1916 · Ottoman victory
- Second Battle of Kut February 23, 1917 · British Empire victory
- Capture of Baghdad (1917) March 8–11, 1917 · British victory
- Samarra offensive March 13 – April 23, 1917 · British victory
- Battles of Ramadi (1917) September 28–29, 1917 · Ottoman victory
- Battle of Sharqat October 23–30, 1918 · British–Assyrian victory
- South Arabia during World War I November 10, 1914 – June 1916
-
Persian campaign (World War I) December 1914 – October 30, 1918 · Allied victory
- Battle of Dilman April 15, 1915 · Russian coalition victory
- Battle of Robat Karim December 17, 1915 · Russian victory
- Kermanshah operation February 1916 – March 1916 · Russian victory
- Urmia clashes February 9–10, 1918 · Assyrian victory
-
Sinai and Palestine campaign January 28, 1915 – October 30, 1918 · Allied victory
- Stalemate in Southern Palestine April 1917 – October 1917 · Ended with EEF victory at the Battle of Beersheba
- Battle of Beersheba (1917) October 31, 1917 · Allied victory
- Battle of Hareira and Sheria November 6–7, 1917 · Egyptian Expeditionary Force victory
- Battle of Jaffa (1917) December 20–21, 1917 · Allied victory
- First Battle of Amman March 27–31, 1918 · Ottoman-German victory
- Battle of Abu Tellul July 14, 1918 · British Empire victory
- Battle of Megiddo (1918) September 19–25, 1918 · Allied victory
- Capture of Damascus (1918) September 26 – October 1, 1918 · Allied victory
-
Gallipoli campaign February 19, 1915 – January 9, 1916 · Ottoman victory
- Naval operations in the Dardanelles campaign February 19 – March 18, 1915 · Ottoman victory
- Landing at Cape Helles April 25–26, 1915 · Ottoman victory
- Battle of Kumkale April 25, 1915 · Inconclusive
- Battle of Gully Ravine June 28 – July 5, 1915 · Allied victory
- Battle of Sari Bair August 6–21, 1915 · Ottoman victory
- Landing at Suvla Bay August 6–15, 1915 · Ottoman victory
- Battle of Krithia Vineyard August 6–13, 1915 · Ottoman victory
- Battle of Lone Pine August 6–10, 1915 · Allied victory
- Battle of the Nek August 7, 1915 · Ottoman victory
- Battle of Scimitar Hill August 21, 1915 · Ottoman victory
- Battle of Hill 60 (Gallipoli) August 21–29, 1915 · Ottoman victory
-
Arab Revolt June 10, 1916 – October 25, 1918
- Siege of Medina June 10, 1916 – January 10, 1919 · Hejazi victory
- Battle of Mecca (1916) June 10 – July 4, 1916 · Arab victory
- Battle of Aqaba July 6, 1917 · Arab victory
- Battle of Romani August 3–5, 1916 · British Empire victory
- First Battle of Gaza March 26, 1917 · Central Powers victory
- Second Battle of Gaza April 17–19, 1917 · Central Powers victory
- Southern Palestine offensive October 31 – December 9, 1917 · Allied victory
- Third Battle of Gaza November 1–2, 1917 · Allied victory
1914
- Kurdish rebellions during World War I August 1914 – October 1918
-
Caucasus campaign November 2, 1914 – October 30, 1918
- Battle of Sarikamish December 22, 1914 – January 17, 1915 · Russian victory
- Battle of Ardahan December 25, 1914 – January 18, 1915 · Russian victory
- Battle of Manzikert (1915) 1915 · Ottoman victory
- Defense of Van (1915) April 19 – May 17, 1915 · Russo-Armenian victory
- Battle of Kara Killisse (1915) July 27–31, 1915 · Russian victory
- Erzurum offensive January 10 – February 16, 1916 · Russian victoryFull results
- Battle of Koprukoy January 10–19, 1916 · Russian victory
- Battle of Erzincan July 2–25, 1916 · Russian victory
- Armistice of Erzincan December 18, 1917
- Treaty of Brest-Litovsk March 3, 1918
- Trebizond Peace Conference March 14 – April 14, 1918
- Battle of Abaran May 21–29, 1918 · Armenian victory
- Battle of Karakilisa May 25–28, 1918 · Ottoman victory
- Treaty of Batum June 4, 1918
- Battle of Goychay July 1, 1918 · Ottoman–Azerbaijani victory
- German Caucasus expedition October 1918 · Inconclusive
-
Mesopotamian campaign November 6, 1914 – November 14, 1918 · Allied victory
- Fao Landing November 6, 1914 · British victory
- Battle of Basra (1914) November 11–22, 1914 · British victory
- Battle of Qurna December 3–9, 1914 · British-Indian victory
- Battle of Shaiba April 12–14, 1915 · British-Indian victory
- Battle of Es Sinn September 28, 1915 · British–Indian victory
- Battle of Ctesiphon (1915) November 22–25, 1915 · Inconclusive
- Siege of Kut December 7, 1915 – April 29, 1916 · Ottoman victory
- Battle of Sheikh Sa'ad January 6–8, 1916 · British-Indian victory
- Battle of Wadi (1916) January 13, 1916 · Ottoman victory
- Battle of Hanna January 21, 1916 · Ottoman victory
- Battle of Dujaila March 8, 1916 · Ottoman victory
- Second Battle of Kut February 23, 1917 · British Empire victory
- Capture of Baghdad (1917) March 8–11, 1917 · British victory
- Samarra offensive March 13 – April 23, 1917 · British victory
- Battles of Ramadi (1917) September 28–29, 1917 · Ottoman victory
- Battle of Sharqat October 23–30, 1918 · British–Assyrian victory
- South Arabia during World War I November 10, 1914 – June 1916
-
Persian campaign (World War I) December 1914 – October 30, 1918 · Allied victory
- Battle of Dilman April 15, 1915 · Russian coalition victory
- Battle of Robat Karim December 17, 1915 · Russian victory
- Kermanshah operation February 1916 – March 1916 · Russian victory
- Urmia clashes February 9–10, 1918 · Assyrian victory
1915
-
Sinai and Palestine campaign January 28, 1915 – October 30, 1918 · Allied victory
- Stalemate in Southern Palestine April 1917 – October 1917 · Ended with EEF victory at the Battle of Beersheba
- Battle of Beersheba (1917) October 31, 1917 · Allied victory
- Battle of Hareira and Sheria November 6–7, 1917 · Egyptian Expeditionary Force victory
- Battle of Jaffa (1917) December 20–21, 1917 · Allied victory
- First Battle of Amman March 27–31, 1918 · Ottoman-German victory
- Battle of Abu Tellul July 14, 1918 · British Empire victory
- Battle of Megiddo (1918) September 19–25, 1918 · Allied victory
- Capture of Damascus (1918) September 26 – October 1, 1918 · Allied victory
-
Gallipoli campaign February 19, 1915 – January 9, 1916 · Ottoman victory
- Naval operations in the Dardanelles campaign February 19 – March 18, 1915 · Ottoman victory
- Landing at Cape Helles April 25–26, 1915 · Ottoman victory
- Battle of Kumkale April 25, 1915 · Inconclusive
- Battle of Gully Ravine June 28 – July 5, 1915 · Allied victory
- Battle of Sari Bair August 6–21, 1915 · Ottoman victory
- Landing at Suvla Bay August 6–15, 1915 · Ottoman victory
- Battle of Krithia Vineyard August 6–13, 1915 · Ottoman victory
- Battle of Lone Pine August 6–10, 1915 · Allied victory
- Battle of the Nek August 7, 1915 · Ottoman victory
- Battle of Scimitar Hill August 21, 1915 · Ottoman victory
- Battle of Hill 60 (Gallipoli) August 21–29, 1915 · Ottoman victory
1916
- Raid on Jifjafa April 11–14, 1916 · British victory
- Battle of Katia April 23, 1916 · Ottoman victory
-
Arab Revolt June 10, 1916 – October 25, 1918
- Siege of Medina June 10, 1916 – January 10, 1919 · Hejazi victory
- Battle of Mecca (1916) June 10 – July 4, 1916 · Arab victory
- Battle of Aqaba July 6, 1917 · Arab victory
- Battle of Romani August 3–5, 1916 · British Empire victory
- Battle of Bir el Abd August 9, 1916 · Ottoman victory
1917
- Raid on Bir el Hassana February 21, 1917 · British Empire victory
- Raid on Nekhl February 21, 1917 · British Empire victory
- First Battle of Gaza March 26, 1917 · Central Powers victory
- Second Battle of Gaza April 17–19, 1917 · Central Powers victory
- Southern Palestine offensive October 31 – December 9, 1917 · Allied victory
- Third Battle of Gaza November 1–2, 1917 · Allied victory
- Battle of Tel el Khuweilfe November 1–6, 1917 · British Empire victory
- Battle of Mughar Ridge November 13, 1917 · British Empire victory
- Battle of Nebi Samwil November 18–24, 1917 · British Empire victory
1918
- British occupation of the Jordan Valley February 1918 – September 1918 · British victory
- First Battle of the Jordan April 2, 1918 · Ottoman-German victory
- Battle of Tulkarm September 19, 1918 · British Empire victory
- Battle of Sharon September 19–25, 1918 · Allied victory
- Battle of Nablus (1918) September 19–25, 1918 · Allied victory
- Battle of Arara September 19, 1918 · Franco–British victory
- Battle of Nazareth September 20–21, 1918 · British Empire victory
- Battle of Haifa (1918) September 23, 1918 · British–Indian victory
- Second Battle of Amman September 25, 1918 · Allied victory
- Battle of Samakh September 25, 1918 · Australian Light Horse victory
- Battle of Aleppo (1918) October 25, 1918 · Allied victory
- Charge at Haritan October 26, 1918 · Ottoman victory