Chinese Civil War

August 1, 1927 – December 7, 1949

Armed conflict from 1 August 1927 to 7 December 1949 between the Kuomintang (KMT) government of the Republic of China and the Chinese Communist Party (CCP), interrupted by the Second United Front against the Japanese invasion from 1937 to 1945. The Communists gained the upper hand after 1945, proclaimed the People's Republic of China in October 1949, and the KMT retreated to Taiwan that December. No armistice or peace treaty was ever signed, and both sides claim to be the legitimate government of all China.

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Battles 11

August 1–5, 1927
Nanchang Uprising Zhu De, Zhou Enlai
September 7, 1927
Autumn Harvest Uprising Mao Zedong, Chiang Kai-shek
November 1, 1930 – October 10, 1934
Encirclement Campaigns Mao Zedong, Zhu De, Zhou Enlai
October 16, 1934 – October 19, 1935
Long March Liu Bocheng, Lin Biao, Mao Zedong
January 15–17, 1935
Zunyi Conference Mao Zedong, Zhou Enlai, Zhu De
December 12–25, 1936
Xi'an Incident Chiang Kai-shek, Zhou Enlai
September 12 – November 2, 1948
Liaoshen Campaign Lin Biao, Du Yuming
November 6, 1948 – January 10, 1949
Huaihai Campaign Chiang Kai-shek, Deng Xiaoping, Mao Zedong
November 29, 1948 – January 31, 1949
Pingjin Campaign Lin Biao, Fu Zuoyi
April 20 – June 2, 1949
Yangtze River Crossing campaign Liu Bocheng, Deng Xiaoping, Chen Yi
May 12 – June 2, 1949
Shanghai Campaign Chen Yi, Tang Enbo

Battle sites 16

Key commanders

Communists 8

Lin Biao Marshal, Commander of the Northeast Field Army; won the Liaoshen and Pingjin Campaigns · 1907–1971 Liu Bocheng Marshal, Commander of the Second Field Army · 1892–1986 Chen Yi Marshal, Commander of the Third Field Army · 1901–1972 Zhou Enlai Negotiated the settlement with the Nationalists · 1898–1976 Deng Xiaoping Political commissar; secretary of the front committee · 1904–1997 Mao Zedong Overall PLA command · 1893–1976 Zhu De General, Led the uprising's forces alongside Zhou Enlai · 1886–1976 Peng Dehuai Army commander; attended · 1898–1974

Nationalists 7

Li Zongren General, New Guangxi Clique; Acting President of the Republic of China, 1949 · 1890–1969 Bai Chongxi General, New Guangxi Clique; Minister of National Defense 1946-1948 · 1893–1966 Du Yuming Lieutenant General, Nationalist field commander; captured at Huaihai · 1904–1981 Fu Zuoyi General, Surrendered the Beiping garrison, January 1949 · 1895–1974 Tang Enbo General, Commanded the Nationalist defense of Shanghai, 1949 · 1899–1954 Chiang Kai-shek Detained by Zhang Xueliang and Yang Hucheng · 1887–1975 He Yingqin · 1890–1987