✦ History

Chinese Civil War

August 1, 1927 – May 1, 1950

Result Communist victory

Armed conflict from 1 August 1927 to 7 December 1949 between the Kuomintang (KMT) government of the Republic of China and the Chinese Communist Party (CCP), interrupted by the Second United Front against the Japanese invasion from 1937 to 1945. The Communists gained the upper hand after 1945, proclaimed the People's Republic of China in October 1949, and the KMT retreated to Taiwan that December. No armistice or peace treaty was ever signed, and both sides claim to be the legitimate government of all China.

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Battles and events 27

August 1–5, 1927
Nanchang Uprising Nanchang Zhou Enlai, Zhu De
September 7, 1927
Autumn Harvest Uprising Changsha, Hunan (objective of the uprising) Mao Zedong, Chiang Kai-shek, He Jian
December 11, 1927
Guangzhou Uprising Guangzhou
November 1, 1930 – October 10, 1934
Encirclement Campaigns Ruijin, Jiangxi (Chinese Soviet Republic base) Mao Zedong, Chiang Kai-shek, Zhou Enlai
October 16, 1934 – October 19, 1935
Long March Communists evade Nationalist armies and allied warlords Jiangxi to Yan'an Mao Zedong, Chiang Kai-shek, Zhou Enlai
January 15–17, 1935
Zunyi Conference Zunyi, Guizhou Mao Zedong, Deng Xiaoping, Zhou Enlai
December 12–25, 1936
Xi'an Incident Xi'an Chiang Kai-shek, Zhou Enlai, Zhang Xueliang
January 7–13, 1941
New Fourth Army Incident Nationalist tactical victory Jing County Gu Zhutong
1945 – 1949
Operation Beleaguer Hebei Mao Zedong, Zhou Enlai, Thomas Cassin Kinkaid
September 10 – October 12, 1945
Shangdang Campaign Communist victory Shangdang Campaign Deng Xiaoping, Yen Hsi-shan, Liu Bocheng
1946 – 1949
Second Kuomintang-Communist Civil War Communist victory Mao Zedong, Chiang Kai-shek, Zhou Enlai
March 15–17, 1946
Battle of Siping Communist victory
April 17 – May 19, 1946
Second Battle of Siping Nationalist victory Second Battle of Siping Mao Zedong, Chiang Kai-shek, Lin Biao
December 17, 1946 – April 1, 1947
Linjiang Campaign Communist victory Linjiang Campaign Lin Biao, Du Yuming
March 13–19, 1947
Battle of Yan'an Nationalist victory Battle of Yan'an Peng Dehuai, Hu Zongnan, Xi Zhongxun
May 13–16, 1947
Menglianggu Campaign PLA victory Menglianggu Campaign Chen Yi, Tang Enbo, Su Yu
May 23 – October 19, 1948
Siege of Changchun Communist victory Siege of Changchun Lin Biao
September 12 – November 2, 1948
Liaoshen Campaign Communist victory Shenyang Lin Biao, Du Yuming, Wei Lihuang
October 5, 1948 – April 24, 1949
Taiyuan Campaign Communist victory Taiyuan Campaign Peng Dehuai, Yen Hsi-shan, Xu Xiangqian
November 6, 1948 – January 10, 1949
Huaihai Campaign Communist victory Xuzhou Mao Zedong, Deng Xiaoping, Chiang Kai-shek
November 29, 1948 – January 31, 1949
Pingjin Campaign Communist victory Beijing Lin Biao, Fu Zuoyi, Nie Rongzhen
April 20 – June 2, 1949
Yangtze River Crossing campaign Decisive Chinese Communist Party victory Nanjing Deng Xiaoping, Liu Bocheng, Chen Yi
May 12 – June 2, 1949
Shanghai Campaign Communist victory Shanghai Chen Yi, Tang Enbo, Su Yu
October 25–27, 1949
Battle of Guningtou Republic of China victory Battle of Guningtou Mao Zedong, Chiang Kai-shek, Chen Yi
November 3–5, 1949
Battle of Dengbu Island Republic of China victory Battle of Dengbu Island Hu Wei
December 11–27, 1949
Chengdu Campaign Communists capture Chengdu Chengdu Campaign Deng Xiaoping, Liu Bocheng, He Long
March 5 – May 1, 1950
Landing Operation on Hainan Island People's Republic of China victory Xue Yue, Deng Hua

Key commanders

Communists 22

Mao Zedong Chairman of the Chinese Communist Party Deng Xiaoping Chinese Red Army Zhou Enlai Peng Dehuai Zhu De Commander-in-chief of the People's Liberation Army Lin Biao Marshal, Commander of the Northeast Field Army; won the Liaoshen and Pingjin Campaigns Liu Bocheng Marshal, Commander of the Second Field Army Chen Yi Marshal, Commander of the Third Field Army Su Yu Deputy commander, Third Field Army, Directed the Huaihai Campaign He Long belligerent leader Xu Xiangqian belligerent leader Otto Braun military commander Bo Gu belligerent leader Zhang Guotao belligerent leader Luo Ronghuan military commander Liu Yalou military commander Nie Rongzhen military commander Li Zhen belligerent leader Xi Zhongxun military commander Ye Fei military commander Hu Wei military commander Deng Hua military commander

Nationalists 31

Chiang Kai-shek Director-General of the Kuomintang, Republic of China He Yingqin Chen Cheng General, Chief of the General Staff; later led the retreat to Taiwan Li Zongren General, New Guangxi Clique; Acting President of the Republic of China, 1949 Du Yuming Lieutenant General, Nationalist field commander; captured at Huaihai Fu Zuoyi General, Surrendered the Beiping garrison, January 1949 Tang Enbo General, Commanded the Nationalist defense of Shanghai, 1949 Wei Lihuang General, Lost Manchuria in the Liaoshen Campaign Bai Chongxi belligerent leader Xue Yue belligerent leader Zhang Xueliang leader, detained Chiang Kai-shek in Xi'an Yang Hucheng leader, detained Chiang Kai-shek with Zhang Xueliang Zheng Dongguo military commander Liao Yaoxiang military commander Fan Hanjie military commander Hu Lian military commander Liu Zhi military commander Huang Wei military commander Chen Changjie military commander Guo Jingyun military commander He Jian belligerent leader Liu Yuzhang military commander Fang Chih military commander Yen Hsi-shan belligerent leader Hu Zongnan military commander Zhang Lingfu military commander Gu Zhutong military commander Lin Biao Communist commander of the siege Wang Ching-kuo military commander Sun Chu military commander Thomas Cassin Kinkaid military commander

Other 2

Zhang Wentian participant, became the party's general secretary after the conference Wang Jiaxiang participant, backed Mao's military line at the conference