✦ History

American Indian Wars

1609 – 1924

Three centuries of wars between European colonists, later the United States and Canada, and Native American nations, which ended with the conquest of the continent and the confinement of its peoples to reservations.

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Battles and events 39

July 1609 – August 4, 1701
Beaver Wars Indecisive; Great Peace of Montreal
July 1636 – September 1638
Pequot War Treaty of Hartford
June 20, 1675 – April 12, 1678
King Philip's War New England victory; Treaty of Casco Bay
September 10, 1711 – February 11, 1715
Tuscarora War British colonial victory
1715 – 1717
Yamasee War Colonial government victory
July 25, 1722 – December 15, 1725
Dummer's War Dummer's Treaty William Dummer
April 27, 1763 – July 25, 1766
Pontiac's War Thomas Gage, Jeffery Amherst, 1st Baron Amherst, Henry Bouquet
May 1774 – October 1774
Lord Dunmore's War Virginian victory
August 19, 1782
Battle of Blue Licks British-Indigenous victory
August 14, 1784
Awa'uq Massacre
1785 – 1795
Northwest Indian War United States victory Northwest Territory George Washington, Henry Knox, Anthony Wayne
October 1804
Battle of Sitka Russian victory Sitka
August 1810 – October 5, 1813
Tecumseh's War American victory Midwestern United States William Henry Harrison, James Madison, Richard Mentor Johnson
1816 – 1858
Seminole Wars Most Seminoles removed from Florida, a few small bands remained Florida Winfield Scott, Franklin Pierce, Zachary Taylor
1820 – 1882
Texas–Indian wars Texas
August 1823
Arikara War Indecisive South Dakota James Monroe, William Henry Ashley, Henry Leavenworth
June 27 – September 22, 1827
Winnebago War United States victory Illinois Henry Atkinson, Henry Dodge
April 6 – August 27, 1832
Black Hawk War American victory Northern Illinois and southern Wisconsin Jefferson Davis, Winfield Scott, Zachary Taylor
December 23, 1835 – August 14, 1842
Second Seminole War Florida Winfield Scott, Zachary Taylor, John Tyler
1840
Great Raid of 1840 Comanche victory Victoria ; and Linnville, Texas Mathew Caldwell, Edward Burleson, Buffalo Hump
1847 – 1855
Cayuse War United States victory Oregon Country
1849 – 1855
Jicarilla War United States victory New Mexico Territory
1849 – 1923
Ute Wars United States victory Colorado Brigham Young, John Williams Gunnison, Walkara
August 19, 1854 – January 1891
Sioux Wars United States victory, Sioux moved to reservations Great Plains George Armstrong Custer, Nelson A. Miles, Sitting Bull
1855 – 1858
Yakima War United States victory Washington Territory Isaac Stevens
1855 – 1856
Rogue River Wars United States Victory
1863 – 1865
Colorado War Inconclusive Colorado
January 29, 1863
Bear River Massacre Bear River
September 17–25, 1868
Battle of Beecher Island United States victory Beecher Island
November 27, 1868
Battle of the Washita River Washita River George Armstrong Custer
July 11, 1869
Battle of Summit Springs United States victory Washington County
July 6, 1872 – June 4, 1873
Modoc War United States victory California
1874 – 1875
Red River War United States victory; end of the Texas–Indian wars Great Plains
1876 – December 31, 1877
Great Sioux War of 1876 United States victory Powder River country Ulysses S. Grant, Alfred Howe Terry, Philip Henry Sheridan
June 1877 – October 1877
Nez Perce War United States victory Oregon Oliver O. Howard, Nelson A. Miles, John Gibbon
June 1878 – September 1878
Bannock War United States victory Idaho Oliver O. Howard
March 26 – June 3, 1885
North-West Rebellion Saskatchewan
1887
Crow War Montana
December 29, 1890
Wounded Knee Massacre Wounded Knee Creek, South Dakota Spotted Elk, James W. Forsyth

Key commanders

United States and allies 12

Jefferson Davis Lieutenant Winfield Scott Zachary Taylor military commander Henry Atkinson belligerent leader Edmund P. Gaines military commander Henry Dodge military commander John Tyler Martin Van Buren William Henry Harrison military commander, President for one month in 1841 Andrew Jackson belligerent leader Duncan Lamont Clinch belligerent leader Francis Langhorne Dade military commander

British Band 2

Black Hawk belligerent leader Wabokieshiek belligerent leader

Seminole 3

Ar-pi-uck-i belligerent leader Osceola belligerent leader Micanopy military commander

Comanche 4

Micanopy military commander Sitting Bull military commander Red Cloud military commander Buffalo Hump military commander

United States 42

Ulysses S. Grant President of the United States Alfred Howe Terry military commander Philip Henry Sheridan Commander of the Division of the Missouri George Armstrong Custer Commander of the 7th Cavalry Nelson A. Miles military commander Wesley Merritt military commander George Crook military commander William Henry Harrison belligerent leader James Madison belligerent leader Richard Mentor Johnson belligerent leader William Hull belligerent leader Green Clay belligerent leader William Dudley belligerent leader Winfield Scott belligerent leader Franklin Pierce belligerent leader Zachary Taylor belligerent leader John Tyler belligerent leader Martin Van Buren belligerent leader Andrew Jackson belligerent leader Edmund P. Gaines belligerent leader Duncan Lamont Clinch belligerent leader William J. Worth belligerent leader William S. Harney belligerent leader James Monroe belligerent leader William Henry Ashley military commander Henry Leavenworth military commander George Washington belligerent leader Henry Knox belligerent leader Anthony Wayne belligerent leader Arthur St. Clair belligerent leader James Wilkinson belligerent leader Josiah Harmar military commander Oliver O. Howard belligerent leader John Gibbon military commander Samuel D. Sturgis military commander Luther Hare military commander Isaac Stevens military commander Henry Atkinson belligerent leader Henry Dodge military commander Marcus Reno military commander Brigham Young military commander John Williams Gunnison military commander

Lakota and Northern Cheyenne 2

Sitting Bull Lakota leader Crazy Horse Lakota war leader

Tecumseh's Confederacy 4

Tecumseh belligerent leader Isaac Brock belligerent leader Henry Procter belligerent leader Roundhead belligerent leader

Great Britain 1

William Dummer military commander

United Kingdom 3

Thomas Gage military commander Jeffery Amherst, 1st Baron Amherst military commander Henry Bouquet military commander

Ute 2

Walkara military commander Antonga Black Hawk military commander

Republic of Texas 2

Mathew Caldwell military commander Edward Burleson military commander

Other 2

Spotted Elk Lakota chief, killed James W. Forsyth Commander of the 7th Cavalry