✦ History

French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars

April 20, 1792 – November 20, 1815

Revolutionary and then Napoleonic France fought shifting coalitions of European powers for more than two decades. The wars spread French power across Europe and ended with Napoleon's defeat and the Congress of Vienna.

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Battles 8

April 20, 1792 – October 18, 1797
War of the First Coalition Western Europe George III, William Pitt the Younger, Frederick William II of Prussia
August 17, 1796
Capitulation of Saldanha Bay Saldanha Bay
August 18, 1796 – July 1808
Anglo-Spanish War (1796–1808) English Channel George III, Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington, Charles IV of Spain
June 28, 1798 – March 25, 1802
War of the Second Coalition Italian Peninsula John Adams, George III, William Pitt the Younger
1805 – 1806
War of the Third Coalition Central Europe William Pitt the Younger, William Grenville, 1st Baron Grenville, Alexander I of Russia
April 10 – October 14, 1809
War of the Fifth Coalition Central Europe William Cavendish-Bentinck, 3rd Duke of Portland, Spencer Perceval, Alexander I of Russia
1813 – 1814
War of the Sixth Coalition Central Europe George IV, Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington, Alexander I of Russia
1814 – August 14, 1814
Swedish–Norwegian War

Key commanders

Coalition 34

George III belligerent leader William Pitt the Younger belligerent leader Frederick William II of Prussia belligerent leader Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor belligerent leader Charles IV of Spain belligerent leader Charles William Ferdinand, Duke of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel belligerent leader Ferdinand I of the Two Sicilies belligerent leader William Grenville, 1st Baron Grenville belligerent leader Alexander I of Russia belligerent leader Horatio Nelson belligerent leader Mikhail Kutuzov belligerent leader Karl Mack von Leiberich belligerent leader Archduke Charles, Duke of Teschen belligerent leader Pyotr Bagration belligerent leader William Cavendish-Bentinck, 3rd Duke of Portland belligerent leader Spencer Perceval belligerent leader George IV belligerent leader Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington belligerent leader Robert Jenkinson, 2nd Earl of Liverpool belligerent leader Gebhard Leberecht von Blücher belligerent leader Frederick William III of Prussia belligerent leader Ferdinand VII belligerent leader Karl Philipp, Prince of Schwarzenberg belligerent leader Michael Andreas Barclay de Tolly belligerent leader Levin August von Bennigsen belligerent leader Charles XIV John belligerent leader Peter, 1st Prince of Sayn-Wittgenstein-Ludwigsburg belligerent leader William I of the Netherlands belligerent leader Ludwig Yorck von Wartenburg belligerent leader Mikhail Miloradovich belligerent leader Friedrich Wilhelm Bülow von Dennewitz belligerent leader Carl Philipp von Wrede belligerent leader Frederick Augustus I of Saxony belligerent leader Maximilian I Joseph of Bavaria belligerent leader

Kingdom of Great Britain 4

George III belligerent leader Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington belligerent leader Cuthbert Collingwood belligerent leader John Jervis, 1st Earl of St Vincent belligerent leader

Spain 3

Charles IV of Spain belligerent leader Pierre-Charles Villeneuve belligerent leader Federico Gravina belligerent leader

Holy Roman Empire 9

John Adams belligerent leader George III belligerent leader William Pitt the Younger belligerent leader Paul I of Russia belligerent leader Selim III belligerent leader Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor belligerent leader Charles Emmanuel IV belligerent leader Maria Carolina of Austria belligerent leader Ferdinand I of the Two Sicilies belligerent leader

French First Republic 2

Napoleon belligerent leader Charles IV of Spain belligerent leader

French Empire and allies 21

Charles IV of Spain belligerent leader Pierre-Charles Villeneuve belligerent leader Michel Ney belligerent leader Louis-Nicolas Davout belligerent leader Joachim Murat belligerent leader Auguste de Marmont belligerent leader André Masséna belligerent leader Jean Lannes belligerent leader Eugène de Beauharnais belligerent leader Jean-de-Dieu Soult belligerent leader Carl Philipp von Wrede belligerent leader Maximilian I Joseph of Bavaria belligerent leader Rutger Jan Schimmelpenninck belligerent leader Joseph Bonaparte belligerent leader Jean-Baptiste Jourdan belligerent leader Luis Alejandro Berthier belligerent leader Nicolas Oudinot belligerent leader Józef Poniatowski belligerent leader Dominique Vandamme belligerent leader Jérôme Bonaparte belligerent leader Frederick VI of Denmark belligerent leader

French First Empire 9

Alexander I of Russia belligerent leader Napoleon belligerent leader Joachim Murat belligerent leader Eugène de Beauharnais belligerent leader Józef Poniatowski belligerent leader Jérôme Bonaparte belligerent leader Frederick Augustus I of Saxony belligerent leader Maximilian I Joseph of Bavaria belligerent leader Louis Bonaparte belligerent leader