Napoleonic Wars

May 18, 1803 – November 20, 1815

Result Coalition victory

Wars between Napoleon's French Empire and shifting coalitions of European powers. France dominated the continent until the failed invasion of Russia in 1812, and Napoleon was finally defeated at Waterloo in 1815.

Battles and events 83

1801 – 1814
February 15, 1804
October 5, 1804
Action of 5 October 1804 British victory
1805 – 1806
May 31 – June 2, 1805
October 14, 1805
October 16–19, 1805
October 21, 1805
October 30, 1805
October 31, 1805 – January 6, 1810
November 4, 1805
November 8, 1805
Battle of Mariazell French victory Mariazell
December 2, 1805
1806 – 1807
January 8–18, 1806
February 6, 1806
May 26, 1806 – June 1806
June 1806 – December 1807
October 14, 1806
December 26, 1806
1807 – 1809
Anglo-Turkish War (1807–1809) Treaty of the Dardanelles Dardanelles George III, Selim III, Mustafa IV
1807 – 1814
January 30 – August 24, 1807
Siege of Stralsund (1807) French victory Stralsund
February 7–8, 1807
April 4–12, 1807
Froberg mutiny Fort Ricasoli
June 14, 1807
Battle of Friedland French victory Friedland (Pravdinsk) Napoleon, Michel Ney, Emmanuel de Grouchy
July 7–9, 1807
August 16 – September 5, 1807
September 2, 1807 – July 18, 1812
February 21, 1808 – September 17, 1809
March 14, 1808 – December 10, 1809
May 2, 1808 – April 17, 1814
1809 – 1811
January 14, 1809 – November 8, 1817
April 10 – October 14, 1809
April 11–25, 1809
April 21–22, 1809
April 23, 1809
May 21–22, 1809
May 31, 1809
Battle of Stralsund (1809) French victory Stralsund Johann Ewald
July 5–6, 1809
January 28 – February 6, 1810
February 15 – August 31, 1810
Invasion of the Spice Islands British victory Maluku Islands Herman Willem Daendels
July 7–9, 1810
November 17, 1810 – July 18, 1812
March 13, 1811
August 4 – September 18, 1811
November 29, 1811
Action of 29 November 1811 British victory Adriatic Sea
February 22, 1812
Battle of Pirano British victory Adriatic Sea Jean-Baptiste Barré
June 24 – December 14, 1812
September 7, 1812
November 26–29, 1812
Battle of Berezina Inconclusive Studzianka, Berezina River Napoleon, Michel Ney, Pavel Chichagov
1813 – 1814
May 2, 1813
May 20–21, 1813
August 23, 1813
Battle of Großbeeren Coalition victory Battle of Großbeeren Charles XIV John, Jean Reynier, Nicolas Oudinot
August 26, 1813
August 26–27, 1813
August 29–30, 1813
September 6, 1813
Battle of Dennewitz Coalition victory Battle of Dennewitz Michel Ney, Charles XIV John, Nicolas Oudinot
October 14, 1813 – January 3, 1814
Siege of Cattaro Anglo-Montenegrin victory Kotor Sir William Hoste, 1st Baronet
October 16–19, 1813
October 30–31, 1813
Battle of Hanau French victory Battle of Hanau Napoleon, Carl Philipp von Wrede
November 22 – December 5, 1813
Siege of Zara (1813) Anglo-Austrian victory Zadar
December 21, 1813 – April 6, 1814
January 14, 1814
January 19–27, 1814
Siege of Ragusa (1814) Anglo-Austrian victory Dubrovnik Sir William Hoste, 1st Baronet
January 29, 1814
February 1, 1814
February 10, 1814
February 11, 1814
February 14, 1814
February 18, 1814
March 9–10, 1814
Battle of Laon (1814) Coalition victory Battle of Laon (1814) Napoleon, Gebhard Leberecht von Blücher, Michel Ney
March 20–21, 1814
Battle of Arcis-sur-Aube Coalition victory Battle of Arcis-sur-Aube Alexander I of Russia, Napoleon, Michel Ney
March 30–31, 1814
May 30, 1814
March 20 – July 8, 1815
June 16, 1815
June 16, 1815
June 18, 1815
June 18–19, 1815
July 3, 1815

Key commanders

Coalition 92

George III belligerent leader William Pitt the Younger belligerent leader Henry Addington belligerent leader Spencer Perceval belligerent leader Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington British commander, Led the Peninsular War and won at Waterloo Alexander I of Russia Emperor of Russia, Led Russia against Napoleon and into Paris in 1814 Robert Jenkinson, 2nd Earl of Liverpool belligerent leader Horatio Nelson Admiral, Destroyed the Franco-Spanish fleet at Trafalgar Klemens von Metternich Foreign Minister of Austria, Brought Austria into the final coalition Mikhail Kutuzov Russian field marshal, Commanded the Russian army in 1812 Gebhard Leberecht von Blücher Prussian field marshal, Led the Prussian army in 1813-1815 Frederick William III of Prussia belligerent leader Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor belligerent leader Ferdinand VII belligerent leader Charles XIV John belligerent leader Gustav IV Adolf belligerent leader Cuthbert Collingwood Vice-Admiral, Led the lee column and took command after Nelson fell Pyotr Bagration General, Commanded the allied right Grand Duke Konstantin Pavlovich of Russia military commander Dmitry Dokhturov military commander Mikhail Miloradovich military commander Michael Andreas Barclay de Tolly Minister of War, Commanded the 1st Western Army and led the retreat Levin August von Bennigsen military commander Pavel Chichagov military commander Yefim Chaplits military commander Alexey Andreevich Arakcheyev military commander August Neidhardt von Gneisenau military commander Hans Ernst Karl, Graf von Zieten military commander William II of the Netherlands military commander Friedrich Wilhelm Bülow von Dennewitz military commander Henry Paget, 1st Marquess of Anglesey military commander Rowland Hill, 1st Viscount Hill military commander Karl Mack von Leiberich General, Surrendered the Austrian army Johann I Joseph, Prince of Liechtenstein military commander Charles William Ferdinand, Duke of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel military commander Julius von Grawert military commander Bogislav Friedrich Emanuel von Tauentzien military commander Frederick Louis, Prince of Hohenlohe-Ingelfingen military commander Dmitry Golitsyn military commander Andrei Ivanovich Gorchakov military commander Matvey Ivanovich Platov military commander Archduke Charles, Duke of Teschen Generalissimo, Commanded the Austrian army Armand von Nordmann military commander Heinrich Joseph Johann von Bellegarde military commander Johann Kollowrat military commander Prince Friedrich Franz Xaver of Hohenzollern-Hechingen military commander Aleksey Petrovich Yermolov military commander Nikolay Raevsky military commander Peter, 1st Prince of Sayn-Wittgenstein-Ludwigsburg military commander Karl Philipp, Prince of Schwarzenberg Field Marshal, Allied supreme commander Johann von Thielmann military commander José de San Martín belligerent leader Edward Pakenham belligerent leader Francisco Javier Castaños, 1st Duke of Bailén military commander Thomas Graham, 1st Baron Lynedoch military commander Gregorio García de la Cuesta military commander Joaquín Blake y Joyes military commander José Rebolledo de Palafox, 1st Duke of Saragossa military commander Miguel Ricardo de Álava y Esquivel military commander Johann von Hiller military commander Ludwig Yorck von Wartenburg military commander Alexander Tormasov military commander Fabian Gottlieb von der Osten-Sacken military commander Ignác Gyulay military commander Alexander Ivanovich Ostermann-Tolstoy military commander Friedrich Graf Kleist von Nollendorf military commander Carl Philipp von Wrede military commander Zahar Dimitrijevič Olsufjev military commander Peter Mikhailovich Kaptzevich military commander William I of Württemberg military commander Sir William Hoste, 1st Baronet military commander Robert Stewart, Viscount Castlereagh military commander William Cavendish-Bentinck, 3rd Duke of Portland belligerent leader William Grenville, 1st Baron Grenville belligerent leader Prince Louis Ferdinand of Prussia (1772–1806) military commander Duke Eugen of Württemberg (1758–1822) military commander Charles XIII belligerent leader Hyde Parker military commander Sir David Baird, 1st Baronet military commander Home Riggs Popham military commander Sir John Duckworth, 1st Baronet military commander James Gambier, 1st Baron Gambier military commander Archduke John of Austria military commander George IV belligerent leader William I of the Netherlands belligerent leader Frederick Augustus I of Saxony belligerent leader Maximilian I Joseph of Bavaria belligerent leader Sir Richard Strachan, 6th Baronet military commander Thomas Cochrane military commander Josias Rowley military commander Henry Sheehy Keating military commander Alexander Cochrane military commander

French Empire and allies 50

Napoleon Emperor of the French, Led France in all the major campaigns Joachim Murat military commander Eugène de Beauharnais military commander Maximilian I Joseph of Bavaria belligerent leader Louis Bonaparte military commander Rutger Jan Schimmelpenninck military commander Pierre-Charles Villeneuve Vice-Admiral, Commanded the combined fleet; captured in the battle Federico Gravina Admiral, Commanded the Spanish squadron; mortally wounded Louis-Nicolas Davout Marshal, Held the French right after a forced march from Vienna Charles XIV John Marshal, Commanded a French corps Jean Lannes military commander Géraud Duroc military commander Jean-de-Dieu Soult military commander Jean-Baptiste Bessières military commander Michel Ney Marshal, Commanded the rearguard on the retreat Karl Philipp, Prince of Schwarzenberg military commander Pierre Augereau military commander Jean-Andoche Junot military commander Jérôme Bonaparte military commander Jean-Baptiste Drouet, Comte d'Erlon military commander François Joseph Lefebvre military commander Emmanuel de Grouchy military commander Claude Victor-Perrin, Duc de Belluno military commander Édouard Adolphe Casimir Joseph Mortier military commander Auguste de Marmont military commander André Masséna military commander Nicolas Oudinot military commander Józef Poniatowski military commander Auguste-Jean-Gabriel de Caulaincourt military commander Jean Reynier military commander Étienne Jacques Joseph Alexandre Macdonald military commander Dominique Vandamme military commander Étienne Maurice Gérard military commander Joseph Bonaparte King of Spain, Installed by his brother; driven out in 1813 Jean-Baptiste Jourdan military commander Mariano Luis de Urquijo military commander Luis Alejandro Berthier military commander Jacques Lauriston military commander Horace François Bastien Sébastiani de La Porta military commander Laurent Gouvion Saint-Cyr military commander Bernard Dubourdieu military commander Jan Willem Janssens military commander Charles IV of Spain belligerent leader Carl Philipp von Wrede belligerent leader Jean-Baptiste Barré military commander Guillaume-Marie-Anne Brune military commander Frederick VI of Denmark belligerent leader Charles-Alexandre Léon Durand Linois military commander Johann Ewald military commander Herman Willem Daendels military commander

Seventh Coalition 6

French Empire 7

First French Empire 13

Russian Empire 9

Sweden 2

Denmark–Norway 3

Denmark-Norway 2

French First Empire 9

United Kingdom 7

Ottoman Empire 5

France 3

Portugal 2